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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

4.1K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

4.8K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
4.8K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
03:55

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

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Cáncer de tiroides

Debbie W Chen1, Brian H H Lang2, Donald S A McLeod3

  • 1Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|April 6, 2023
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los avances recientes ofrecen nuevas opciones de diagnóstico y tratamiento para el cáncer de tiroides, incluidos procedimientos menos invasivos y terapias sistémicas. Sin embargo, persisten las disparidades en la atención, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de investigación e inclusión de diversos pacientes.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • En el campo de la oncología
  • Diagnóstico médico
  • Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los últimos 5-10 años han visto avances significativos en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer de tiroides.
  • Los nuevos sistemas de estratificación de riesgos basados en ultrasonido tienen como objetivo reducir las biopsias innecesarias de nódulos tiroideos.
  • Están surgiendo tratamientos menos invasivos y nuevas terapias sistémicas para el cáncer de tiroides avanzado.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para resumir las recientes opciones de diagnóstico y manejo transformadoras en el cuidado del cáncer de tiroides.
  • Para resaltar la existencia de disparidades en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer de tiroides a pesar de los avances.
  • Hacer hincapié en la necesidad de continuar la investigación y la inclusión equitativa de los pacientes.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de los avances recientes en el diagnóstico del cáncer de tiroides.
  • Exploración de nuevas alternativas de tratamiento menos invasivas.
  • Análisis de nuevas terapias sistémicas para enfermedades avanzadas.
  • Examen de las disparidades existentes en la atención del cáncer de tiroides.

Principales resultados:

  • Introducción de nuevos sistemas de estratificación de riesgos basados en ultrasonidos para los nódulos tiroideos.
  • Desarrollo de alternativas menos invasivas a la cirugía para el cáncer de tiroides de bajo riesgo.
  • Disponibilidad de nuevas terapias sistémicas para pacientes con cáncer de tiroides avanzado.
  • Identificación de las disparidades persistentes en el diagnóstico y la gestión.

Conclusiones:

  • A pesar de los avances significativos, las disparidades en el tratamiento del cáncer de tiroides requieren atención.
  • El apoyo a los estudios poblacionales y los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados es crucial.
  • La inclusión de diversas poblaciones de pacientes en la investigación es esencial para abordar las barreras de atención y promover la equidad.