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Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la prediabetes: una revisión
Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui1, Leigh Perreault2, Linong Ji3
1Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
JAMA
|April 11, 2023
Resumen
La prediabetes afecta a millones de personas y aumenta el riesgo de diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares y mortalidad. Los cambios en el estilo de vida son el tratamiento más efectivo, ofreciendo mayores beneficios que la metformina.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Endocrinología
- Trastornos del metabolismo
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La prediabetes afecta a 1 de cada 3 adultos en los Estados Unidos y a 720 millones en todo el mundo, lo que representa una etapa intermedia para la diabetes tipo 2.
- Se caracteriza por el aumento de la glucosa en ayunas (100-125 mg/dl), la carga de glucosa postoral (140-199 mg/dl) o la HbA1C (5,7%-6,4%).
- La progresión anual a la diabetes es de ~10%, con un aumento asociado de la mortalidad y los riesgos de eventos cardiovasculares.
Conclusiones:
- La prediabetes requiere intervención debido a los riesgos para la salud asociados.
- La modificación del estilo de vida es la estrategia terapéutica primaria y más efectiva para la prediabetes.
- La metformina sirve como una opción secundaria, particularmente para grupos específicos de pacientes de alto riesgo.
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