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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Sensory Modalities01:15

Sensory Modalities

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Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
General senses refer to the broad category of sensory information detected by receptors in the body and can be further grouped into somatic and visceral senses. Somatic sensations include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and are essential for navigating our environment and...
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Introduction to Sensory Receptors01:31

Introduction to Sensory Receptors

3.6K
Sensory receptors are vital in our ability to perceive and interpret the world. Sensory receptors are specialized cells in the peripheral nervous system that respond to various stimuli and enable one to experience different sensations. Based on specific criteria, sensory receptors are classified into distinct types.
The first classification criterion is based on cell type, position, and function. Some receptor cells are neurons with free nerve endings, where their dendrites are embedded in the...
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Las especializaciones sensoriales impulsan el comportamiento del pulpo y el calamar

Guipeun Kang1,2, Corey A H Allard3, Wendy A Valencia-Montoya3,4,5

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

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La evolución de los cefalópodos está relacionada con cambios en los receptores quimiotáctiles (CR). Las adaptaciones estructurales en los CR de pulpo y calamar permiten distintas percepciones y comportamientos ambientales, revelando vías evolutivas para los sistemas sensoriales.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • * Biología evolutiva
  • * Biología molecular
  • * Neurociencia

Sus antecedentes:

  • * Los nuevos rasgos facilitan la adaptación a nuevos nichos ecológicos y de comportamiento.
  • * Los vínculos entre la divergencia de la estructura proteica y los comportamientos específicos del linaje son escasos.
  • * Los cefalópodos poseen sistemas sensoriales únicos para la interacción con el medio marino.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • * Investigar la divergencia estructural y funcional de los receptores quimiotáctiles específicos de los cefalópodos (CR).
  • * Comprender cómo las adaptaciones CR apoyan funciones y comportamientos fisiológicos distintos en pulpos y calamares.
  • * Para aclarar la transición evolutiva de las CRs de la detección de moléculas solubles a la quimiosensibilidad dependiente del contacto.

Principales métodos:

  • * Perfiles genéticos y análisis filogenético de las CR.
  • * Pruebas fisiológicas y de comportamiento.
  • * Microscopía criolectrónica para la determinación estructural de las CR de los calamares.

Principales resultados:

  • * Los calamares expresan antiguos CR similares a los receptores nicotínicos de acetilcolina, detectando moléculas amargas solubles para la depredación.
  • * Los pulpos muestran una reciente expansión de CR, apoyando un avanzado sistema de "gusto por tacto".
  • * El análisis estructural revela un cambio evolutivo de una "jaula" ancestral a una bolsa hidrofóbica de pulpo CR para la unión de moléculas insolubles.

Conclusiones:

  • * Las adaptaciones estructurales en los CR de cefalópodos impulsan la evolución de distintas capacidades y comportamientos sensoriales.
  • * El estudio proporciona un marco para comprender el papel de la estructura proteica en la diversificación de los rasgos de los organismos.
  • * Los cambios evolutivos en los CR sustentan las diversas estrategias ecológicas de los pulpos y los calamares.