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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Mitigación de la traducción sin codificación

Jordan S Kesner1,2, Ziheng Chen1,2,3, Peiguo Shi1,2

  • 1Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Nature
|April 12, 2023
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La traducción de regiones de ADN no codificantes ocurre con frecuencia, especialmente en enfermedades como el cáncer. Este estudio revela un mecanismo de vigilancia que involucra colas hidrofóbicas C-terminales que apuntan a los polipéptidos aberrantes para la degradación o la localización de la membrana.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La genética
  • Biología molecular
  • La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La traducción ocurre más allá de las regiones codificantes canónicas, incluidos los ARN no codificantes largos, las regiones no traducidas y los intrones.
  • Esta traducción no canónica está implicada en el envejecimiento, la neurodegeneración y el cáncer, con muchos antígenos específicos de tumores que surgen de ella.
  • Los mecanismos para supervisar la traducción no codificante y la evolución funcional de los polipéptidos resultantes siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los mecanismos de vigilancia de la traducción sin codificación.
  • Comprender cómo los polipéptidos de las regiones no codificantes adquieren nuevas funciones.
  • Para aclarar las vías bioquímicas que rigen la localización de estos nuevos polipéptidos.

Principales métodos:

  • Integración de análisis masivamente paralelos de más de 10.000 genomas humanos y millones de secuencias aleatorias.
  • Las pantallas CRISPR de todo el genoma.
  • Caracterizaciones genéticas y bioquímicas.

Principales resultados:

  • El sesgo de nucleótidos intrínsecos en el genoma no codificante y el código genético a menudo produce polipéptidos con colas C-terminales hidrofóbicas.
  • El complejo de triaje de proteínas de membrana BAG6 captura estas colas hidrofóbicas, dirigiendo los polipéptidos para la degradación o la orientación de la membrana.
  • Las proteínas canónicas han evolucionado para carecer de residuos hidrofóbicos terminales C, lo que las distingue de los productos de traducción no codificantes.

Conclusiones:

  • Existe un mecanismo de vigilancia a prueba de fallos para la traducción no deseada de diversas regiones genómicas no codificantes.
  • Este mecanismo involucra el complejo BAG6 y el reconocimiento hidrofóbico de la cola C-terminal.
  • Se identifica una ruta bioquímica potencial para la localización preferencial de la membrana de las proteínas recién evolucionadas.