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Los fibroblastos en el cáncer: unidad en la heterogeneidad

Yash Chhabra¹, Ashani T Weeraratna¹

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

|April 14, 2023

Resumen

Los fibroblastos asociados al cáncer (CAF) son actores clave en el microambiente tumoral, promoviendo la progresión del cáncer. Esta revisión explora la heterogeneidad y plasticidad de CAF en la habilitación de metástasis y resistencia terapéutica.

Área de la Ciencia:

En el campo de la oncología
Biología celular
Investigación del cáncer

Sus antecedentes:

Las células tumorales interactúan con su microambiente circundante para la carcinogénesis.
Los fibroblastos, cruciales para la homeostasis de los tejidos, pueden convertirse en fibroblastos pro-tumorígenos asociados al cáncer (CAF) antes del desarrollo del tumor.
Los CAF contribuyen al microambiente tumoral (TME) mediante la secreción de factores que influyen en la progresión del cáncer.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar los descubrimientos recientes sobre la progresión del cáncer mediada por los CAF.
Resaltar las funciones de la heterogeneidad y plasticidad de los fibroblastos en el cáncer.
Comprender cómo las CAF reorganizan la EMT para promover la metástasis y la resistencia terapéutica.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura sobre las investigaciones recientes sobre las CAF y la progresión del cáncer.
Análisis de estudios centrados en la heterogeneidad y plasticidad de los fibroblastos.
Síntesis de los hallazgos sobre la reorganización de TME mediada por CAF.

Principales resultados:

Los CAF son parte integral de la EMT, proporcionando un nicho de apoyo para las "semillas" de cáncer.
Las CAF reorganizan la EMT, facilitando la metástasis, la resistencia terapéutica, la latencia y la reactivación.
La heterogeneidad y plasticidad de los fibroblastos son factores críticos en la progresión del cáncer mediada por CAF.

Conclusiones:

Los CAF influyen significativamente en la progresión del cáncer a través de la modulación de la EMT.
La comprensión de la heterogeneidad y la plasticidad del CAF es crucial para desarrollar terapias efectivas contra el cáncer.
Dirigirse a los CAF presenta una estrategia prometedora para superar la resistencia terapéutica y las metástasis.

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