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Los virus mirus vinculan los virus del herpes con los virus gigantes

Morgan Gaïa^1,2, Lingjie Meng³, Eric Pelletier^1,2

¹Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.

|April 19, 2023

Resumen

Los científicos descubrieron un nuevo grupo de virus marinos, Mirusviricota, relacionados con los virus del herpes pero con genes únicos. Estos virus abundantes juegan un papel importante en los ecosistemas oceánicos y la evolución de los virus eucariotas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Virología
Biología marina
Biología evolutiva

Sus antecedentes:

Los virus de ADN tienen un impacto significativo en la ecología y la evolución del organismo celular.
La diversidad y las vías evolutivas de los virus de ADN no se comprenden completamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Explorar la diversidad y la historia evolutiva de los virus de ADN en entornos marinos.
Caracterizar nuevos grupos virales y sus roles ecológicos.

Principales métodos:

Estudio metagenómico de los océanos iluminados por el sol.
Análisis de genomas virales para determinar las relaciones evolutivas y el contenido de genes.

Principales resultados:

Descubrimiento de Mirusviricota, un nuevo filo de virus que infectan el plancton relacionados con los virus del herpes.
Mirusviricota exhiben contenido de genes quiméricos, que los vinculan tanto a los virus del herpes como a los virus eucariotas gigantes.
Se identificaron más de 100 genomas ambientales de Mirusviricota, algunos de los cuales son muy abundantes y activos.

Conclusiones:

Mirusviricota representa un componente significativo y no reconocido previamente de los ecosistemas virales marinos.
Estos virus poseen atributos evolutivos únicos, uniendo linajes virales conocidos.
Mirusviricota probablemente juega un papel crucial en la ecología marina y la evolución de los virus de ADN eucariotas.

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