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La preferencia de las hembras por los machos raros se mantiene mediante la selección indirecta en los guppies de
Tomos Potter1, Jeff Arendt2, Ronald D Bassar3
1Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 20, 2023
Resumen
Las hembras prefieren rasgos masculinos raros, aumentando el éxito de apareamiento de sus hijos. Esta ventaja de "hijo sexy", impulsada por la selección indirecta, ayuda a mantener la diversidad genética en las poblaciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva
- Ecología del comportamiento
- Genética de las poblaciones
Sus antecedentes:
- Se supone que la preferencia femenina por fenotipos masculinos raros mantiene la variación genética.
- Los mecanismos evolutivos que impulsan la persistencia de tales preferencias siguen siendo objeto de debate.
- Comprender estos mecanismos es crucial para explicar el mantenimiento de la diversidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar las consecuencias físicas de la preferencia de las hembras por los patrones de color masculinos raros en los guppies.
- Determinar si los beneficios indirectos de la aptitud contribuyen a la evolución y el mantenimiento de la elección de pareja.
- Para probar el papel de los "hijos sexys" en el mantenimiento de la preferencia femenina a través de generaciones.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un pedigrí de 10 generaciones en una población natural de guppies de Trinidad.
- Se analizó el éxito de apareamiento y la ventaja reproductiva asociada con fenotipos masculinos raros.
- Beneficios de aptitud indirectos cuantificados acumulados por las hembras a través de su descendencia.
Principales resultados:
- Se ha documentado una ventaja reproductiva significativa para los machos guppies.
- Demostró que las hembras que se aparean con machos raros obtienen beneficios de aptitud indirectos a través del éxito de apareamiento de sus hijos.
- Se observó que el beneficio del "hijo sexy" disminuye para los nietos cuando el fenotipo masculino se vuelve común.
Conclusiones:
- La preferencia femenina por rasgos masculinos raros puede mantenerse mediante la selección indirecta a través de "hijos sexys".
- Este mecanismo proporciona una explicación alternativa para la persistencia de la preferencia femenina y la variación genética.
- Los hallazgos desafían las teorías prevalecientes al resaltar el papel de los beneficios indirectos de la aptitud en la selección sexual.
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