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La estructura del criptocromo sin tiempo revela los mecanismos de cronometraje del reloj circadiano
Changfan Lin1, Shi Feng1, Cristina C DeOliveira1
1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Nature
|April 26, 2023
Resumen
El reloj circadiano de la mosca
Área de la Ciencia:
- Los mecanismos moleculares de los ritmos circadianos
- Biología estructural de las proteínas del reloj circadiano
- Fisiología y adaptación de los insectos
Sus antecedentes:
- Los ritmos circadianos regulan el comportamiento y las enfermedades a través de las oscilaciones de la expresión génica.
- En las moscas, Timeless (Tim) media la entrada nuclear de Period (Per), mientras que Cryptochrome (Cry) desencadena la degradación de Tim en la luz.
- Comprender las interacciones moleculares dentro del reloj circadiano es crucial para descifrar sus funciones reguladoras.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar la base estructural del reconocimiento de Cryptochrome (Cry) de su objetivo, Timeless (Tim).
- Para investigar cómo el Cryptochrome sensible a la luz interactúa con Timeless e influye en la función del reloj circadiano.
- Explorar los mecanismos estructurales que subyacen al polimorfismo intemporal y su adaptación a diferentes climas.
Principales métodos:
- Microscopía electrónica criogénica (cryo-EM) del complejo Cryptochrome-Timeless.
- Análisis estructural de las interacciones proteína-proteína y la unión de cofactores.
- Investigar el papel de la fosforilación de proteínas en la regulación de las importaciones nucleares.
Principales resultados:
- Cry se une a un núcleo continuo de réplicas de armadillo sin tiempo y una hélice de Tim terminal C.
- El cofactor de flavina de Cry sufre cambios conformacionales, induciendo reordenamientos a gran escala en la interfaz molecular.
- Un segmento de Tim fosforilado puede regular la unión de Importin-α, afectando la importación nuclear de Tim-Per.
- El extremo N de Tim se inserta en el bolsillo Cry reestructurado, reemplazando la cola del extremo C liberada por la luz.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio revela el mecanismo molecular por el cual el Cryptochrome detector de luz reconoce e interactúa con Timeless.
- Las ideas estructurales explican cómo la degradación atemporal mediada por el criptocromo regula el reloj circadiano de la mosca.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan una base estructural para el polimorfismo intemporal, explicando la adaptación a diversos climas.
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