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Aumento del riesgo de calor en climas húmedos inducido por el calor húmedo urbano
Keer Zhang1, Chang Cao2,3, Haoran Chu2,3
1School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Nature
|April 26, 2023
Resumen
Las islas de calor urbanas (UHI) y las islas secas urbanas (UDI) tienen un impacto en las temperaturas de las ciudades. Las ciudades en climas húmedos experimentan una mayor humedad y un aumento de los días de estrés por calor peligroso debido al efecto UHI.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Clima urbano
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Salud de las personas
Sus antecedentes:
- Las islas de calor urbanas (IHU) hacen que las ciudades sean más cálidas que las zonas rurales.
- Las islas secas urbanas (UDI) reducen la humedad en las ciudades, ofreciendo potencialmente alivio del calor.
- El equilibrio entre UHI y UDI, medido por la temperatura de bulbo húmedo (Tw), es crucial para el estrés térmico urbano.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo UHI y UDI influyen en la temperatura de bulbo húmedo (Tw) en climas urbanos a nivel mundial.
- Determinar el impacto de estos cambios de temperatura y humedad en el estrés por calor humano en las ciudades.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los datos globales de las estaciones meteorológicas urbanas y rurales.
- Utilización de un modelo de clima urbano para los cálculos.
- Comparación de la temperatura de bulbo húmedo (Tw) en las zonas urbanas frente a las rurales en diferentes zonas climáticas.
Principales resultados:
- En climas secos y moderadamente húmedos, la Tw urbana se reduce a medida que el UDI compensa el UHI.
- En climas húmedos (precipitaciones de verano > 570 mm), la Tw urbana se incrementa (0,17 ± 0,14 °C).
- El aumento de Tw urbano en climas húmedos conduce a 26 días de estrés por calor peligrosos adicionales por verano.
Conclusiones:
- Los efectos del clima urbano en Tw varían significativamente según la región.
- Los climas húmedos se enfrentan a riesgos amplificados de estrés por calor debido a los efectos urbanos, especialmente con el aumento de las temperaturas globales.
- La planificación urbana debe tener en cuenta el UHI y el UDI para mitigar el estrés por calor en las ciudades vulnerables.
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