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Plants and other photosynthetic organisms comprise pigments capable of absorption of direct sunlight. These pigments are present in the reaction center - the main site of photochemical reactions as well as in the antenna complex. Under average light conditions, the rate at which reaction center pigments absorb light is far below the electron transport chain's capacity. As a result, the reaction center alone cannot provide enough energy to drive photosynthesis. The photosynthetic efficiency...
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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
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Electron delocalization refers to the distribution of electrons across multiple atoms within a molecule rather than being confined to a single atom or bond. This phenomenon is common in systems with conjugated bonds—structures where alternating single and double bonds allow π-electrons to move freely across the network. The movement of electrons stabilizes the molecule and can affect various chemical properties, including vibrational frequencies observed in IR spectroscopy.
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Emisores compactos [C II] alrededor de un complejo de absorción C IV con desplazamiento al rojo 5.7

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Detectamos dos galaxias emisoras de C sup II cerca del desplazamiento al rojo 5.7, asociadas con un sistema de gas de alta ionización. Estas galaxias exhiben tamaños compactos y anchos de línea estrechos, lo que sugiere la formación de estrellas oscurecidas durante la reionización cósmica.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La reionización cósmica
  • Evolución de las galaxias
  • Física del medio intergaláctico

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las condiciones del medio circumgaláctico se investigan utilizando líneas de absorción de cuásares.
  • Se sugiere un vínculo entre el estado de ionización del gas y las propiedades de la galaxia.
  • La reionización cósmica implica cambios globales en los sistemas de absorción.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar las condiciones físicas del medio circumgaláctico.
  • Para explorar la conexión entre la emisión [C sup II] y las propiedades de la galaxia.
  • Para entender el estado de alta ionización del gas durante la reionización cósmica.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de los sistemas de línea de absorción intermedios en los espectros de cuásar de fondo.
  • Detección de galaxias emisoras de [C sup II] con un desplazamiento al rojo z ≈ 5.7.
  • Comparación con simulaciones hidrodinámicas.

Principales resultados:

  • Dos galaxias emisoras de [C sup II] detectadas en z ≈ 5.7, vinculadas a un sistema C sup IV de alta ionización.
  • Las galaxias detectadas son parte de una sobre densidad, con tamaños compactos (<2,4 kpc) y anchos de línea estrechos (FWHM ≈ 62-64 km / s).
  • La falta de contrapartes UV sugiere un oscurecimiento severo de las fuentes de emisión [C sup II].

Conclusiones:

  • Los hallazgos sugieren una conexión entre las propiedades de emisión de [C sup II], las densidades excesivas de galaxias y los altos estados de ionización de gas.
  • La emisión estrecha [C sup II] puede originarse en grupos de medio neutro frío calentado o en regiones compactas de fotodisociación.
  • Se indica una oscuridad severa de la formación de estrellas en las primeras galaxias.