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El uso de baterías de vehículos eléctricos de alta velocidad causa peligrosos aumentos de la temperatura interna. Los nuevos métodos de difracción de rayos X mapean de manera no destructiva las temperaturas de las células de iones de litio, revelando la acumulación de calor influenciada por los protocolos de carga.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • La electroquímica
  • Gestión térmica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los vehículos eléctricos requieren altas tasas de carga/descarga, lo que lleva a un aumento de la temperatura interna en las células de iones de litio.
  • Las celdas de iones de litio selladas dificultan la medición de la temperatura interna.
  • La expansión del colector de corriente a través de la difracción de rayos X (XRD) ofrece un monitoreo de la temperatura interna no destructivo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para caracterizar la temperatura interna, la deformación y el estado de carga en 18650 células de iones de litio durante el funcionamiento de alta velocidad (por encima de 3C).
  • Utilizar métodos avanzados de sincrotrón XRD para el mapeo operativo de la temperatura y las mediciones en un solo punto.

Principales métodos:

  • Operando la difracción de rayos X sincrotrón (XRD) para el mapeo de la temperatura de las secciones transversales de las células.
  • Mediciones XRD de un solo punto durante el ciclo de carga-descarga.
  • Caracterización de 18650 células de iones de litio con energía variable y optimización de potencia.

Principales resultados:

  • La descarga de una celda de energía optimizada (3,5 Ah) durante 20 minutos dio lugar a temperaturas internas >70°C.
  • Una descarga más rápida de 12 minutos de una célula optimizada para la potencia (1,5 Ah) produjo temperaturas <50 °C.
  • Bajo corrientes idénticas (por ejemplo, descarga de 6 A), ambos tipos de células mostraron temperaturas máximas similares (~ 40 ° C).
  • El aumento de la temperatura operando está relacionado con la acumulación de calor, exacerbada por los protocolos de carga (CC/CV) y la degradación celular.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio demuestra un nuevo método no destructivo para medir las temperaturas internas de las celdas de iones de litio durante el funcionamiento a alta velocidad.
  • Los protocolos de carga influyen significativamente en la acumulación de calor, lo que afecta el rendimiento y la vida útil de la batería.
  • Esta metodología puede orientar el desarrollo de estrategias de gestión térmica mejoradas para vehículos eléctricos.