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Bases estructurales de la ruptura de la membrana plasmática mediada por NINJ1 en la muerte celular
Morris Degen1, José Carlos Santos2, Kristyna Pluhackova3
1Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Nature
|May 17, 2023
Resumen
La proteína ninjurina-1 (NINJ1) rompe activamente las membranas celulares durante la muerte celular programada. NINJ1 forma estructuras filamentosas que cubren y rompen la membrana plasmática, revelando su papel en la muerte celular lítica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología celular
- Biología molecular
- Biología estructural
Sus antecedentes:
- La muerte celular programada en los eucariotas a menudo implica la ruptura de la membrana plasmática.
- Anteriormente atribuido a la presión osmótica, la ruptura de la membrana se entiende ahora como un proceso activo.
- La proteína ninjurina-1 (NINJ1) media la ruptura de la membrana en muchas vías de muerte celular.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar la estructura de NINJ1.
- Para aclarar el mecanismo por el cual NINJ1 causa la ruptura de la membrana.
- Para entender el papel de NINJ1 en la muerte celular lítica.
Principales métodos:
- Microscopía de súper resolución para observar los ensamblajes de NINJ1 en las células moribundas.
- Microscopía criolectrónica para determinar la estructura de los filamentos NINJ1.
- Simulaciones de dinámica molecular para analizar las interacciones filamento-membrana.
- Mutagénesis dirigida al sitio para validar la función de NINJ1.
Principales resultados:
- NINJ1 forma diversos y grandes conjuntos filamentosos en las membranas celulares moribundas.
- El cryo-EM reveló filamentos NINJ1 como conjuntos de hélices α de transmembrana.
- Las simulaciones mostraron que los filamentos NINJ1 pueden cubrir y estabilizar los bordes de la membrana.
- La mutagenesis confirmó el papel de las hélices anfipáticas de NINJ1 en la formación de filamentos y la ruptura de la membrana.
Conclusiones:
- NINJ1 polimeriza en filamentos anfipáticos que rompen la membrana plasmática durante la muerte lítica de las células.
- NINJ1 actúa como un componente interactivo de la membrana celular, funcionando como un punto de ruptura.
- El estudio revela la estructura y el mecanismo de NINJ1 en la mediación de la muerte celular programada.
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