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Desenredar la compensación actividad-selectividad en la conversión catalítica de gas de síntesis a olefinas ligeras
Feng Jiao1,2, Bing Bai1,2, Gen Li1,2
1State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 18, 2023
Resumen
Los investigadores desarrollaron un nuevo catalizador para convertir el gas de síntesis en olefinas ligeras, logrando una alta selectividad y rendimiento. Este avance supera un desafío clave en la catálisis al separar las reacciones deseadas de las reacciones secundarias no deseadas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Catálisis
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Ingeniería Química
Sus antecedentes:
- Lograr una alta selectividad y actividad simultáneamente en reacciones catalíticas sigue siendo un desafío importante.
- La conversión directa de gas de síntesis en olefinas ligeras es crucial para la producción de materias primas químicas, pero suele tener una baja selectividad.
- El control de las reacciones secundarias que consumen los productos deseados es clave para mejorar el rendimiento general.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Demostrar una estrategia para desentrañar las reacciones objetivo de las reacciones secundarias en la catálisis.
- Mejorar la selectividad y el rendimiento de las olefinas ligeras por conversión directa en gas de síntesis.
- Investigar el papel del AlPO-18 sustituido por germanio en el concepto de catalizador OXZEO.
Principales métodos:
- Incorporación de AlPO-18 sustituido por germanio en el marco del catalizador de óxido de metal-zeolita (OXZEO).
- Ajuste de la fuerza de los sitios de ácido de Brønsted para modular la actividad catalítica y la selectividad.
- Análisis de las vías de reacción para comprender la formación y el consumo de productos intermedios.
Principales resultados:
- Se obtiene una selectividad de olefinas ligeras del 83% entre los hidrocarburos.
- Se obtiene una conversión simultánea de monóxido de carbono del 85%.
- Alcanzó un rendimiento sin precedentes de olefinas ligeras del 48%, superando significativamente los rendimientos anteriores (≤27%).
Conclusiones:
- La atenuación del ácido de Brønsted mejora el acoplamiento objetivo carbono-carbono para la formación de olefinas.
- La separación de las reacciones deseadas de las reacciones secundarias es fundamental para maximizar el rendimiento de olefinas ligeras.
- El catalizador OXZEO desarrollado con AlPO-18 sustituido por germanio ofrece una vía prometedora para la conversión eficiente de gas de síntesis.
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