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Una galaxia masiva en reposo con desplazamiento al rojo de 4.658

Adam C Carnall1, Ross J McLure2, James S Dunlop2

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|May 22, 2023
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Resumen

Los astrónomos descubrieron una galaxia masiva en reposo, GS-9209, solo 1.25 mil millones de años después del Big Bang. Esta galaxia formó estrellas rápidamente antes de apagarse, desafiando los modelos de formación de galaxias.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La historia cósmica
  • Formación y evolución de las galaxias
  • La astrofísica del universo temprano

Sus antecedentes:

  • El rápido ensamblaje de las primeras galaxias desafía la física actual de formación de galaxias.
  • El Telescopio Espacial James Webb (JWST) confirmó numerosas galaxias tempranas, exacerbando este rompecabezas.
  • Las galaxias en reposo masivas, formadas rápidamente y luego cesando la formación de estrellas, se han observado sorprendentemente temprano en la historia cósmica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para confirmar espectroscópicamente la existencia de galaxias masivas en reposo en tiempos cósmicos muy tempranos.
  • Para investigar las propiedades y la historia de formación de tales galaxias tempranas extremas.
  • Para entender las implicaciones para los modelos de formación de galaxias.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó el espectrógrafo de infrarrojo cercano JWST (NIRSpec) para observaciones espectroscópicas.
  • Analizamos datos espectrales para confirmar el corrimiento al rojo e inferir las propiedades de la galaxia.
  • Determinación de la masa estelar y la historia de la formación estelar.

Principales resultados:

  • Confirmación espectroscópica de una galaxia masiva en reposo, GS-9209, con desplazamiento al rojo z = 4.658 (1.25 mil millones de años después del Big Bang).
  • La masa estelar inferida es de 3.8 ± 0.2 × 10^10 M.
  • Determinó que GS-9209 formó estrellas rápidamente durante ~ 200 millones de años antes de apagarse cuando el Universo tenía ~ 800 millones de años.

Conclusiones:

  • GS-9209 representa una masiva galaxia en reposo formada muy temprano en el universo.
  • Este hallazgo proporciona evidencia observacional crucial para el rápido ensamblaje y apagado de las galaxias.
  • La galaxia es un vínculo potencial entre los primeros objetos de alto desplazamiento al rojo y las galaxias locales masivas.