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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction02:27

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

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Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Benzene01:11

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Benzene

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The Friedel–Crafts acylation reactions involve the addition of an acyl group to an aromatic ring. These reactions proceed via electrophilic aromatic substitution by employing an acyl chloride and a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum chloride to form aryl ketone.
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Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis01:07

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

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Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an...
3.5K
Acidity of 1-Alkynes02:42

Acidity of 1-Alkynes

9.9K

The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
9.9K
Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes02:45

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes

14.4K
Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, and the acid is not consumed in the reaction. Therefore, alkene hydration is an acid-catalyzed reaction.
14.4K
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

2.3K
Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
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Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
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Reacción de acilación derivada de solventes de alcano impulsada por campos eléctricos

Xiye Wang1, Boyuan Zhang2, Brandon Fowler1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 25, 2023
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este estudio demuestra el control del campo eléctrico sobre la activación del hidroperoxido de alquilo para la acilación de aminas en superficies de oro. Este nuevo método, utilizando microscopía de túnel de barrido, genera alquilamidas a través de equivalentes de acilio inducidos por el campo eléctrico.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de las superficies
  • Síntesis orgánica
  • Nanotecnología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los hidroperoxidos de alquilo son subproductos comunes de la autoxidación de hidrocarburos.
  • La funcionalidad de las superficies de oro es crucial para diversas aplicaciones.
  • Se buscan continuamente nuevos métodos para la acilación de aminas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Informar sobre un nuevo método para la activación de hidroperoxidos de alquilo utilizando campos eléctricos.
  • Investigar la formación de alquilamidas mediante el acoplamiento intermolecular superficial.
  • Para explorar la influencia de la magnitud del campo eléctrico en esta reactividad.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizando una configuración de ruptura de unión de un microscopio de túnel de barrido (STM).
  • Utilizando mezclas de hidroperoxido de alquilo generadas por autoxidación de hidrocarburos.
  • Realización de la funcionalización superficial y análisis de los productos de reacción.

Principales resultados:

  • Los hidroperoxidos de alquilo fueron activados con éxito por campos eléctricos para acilizar aminas.
  • El acoplamiento intermolecular en superficies de oro produjo alquilamidas normales.
  • La capacidad de respuesta de la reacción a la magnitud de sesgo indicó la influencia del campo eléctrico.

Conclusiones:

  • Se ha descubierto una nueva vía para la activación del hidroperoxido de alquilo y la acilación de aminas.
  • El control de campo eléctrico ofrece un nuevo enfoque para la funcionalidad de la superficie.
  • Este método proporciona una vía para generar equivalentes de acilio en condiciones específicas.