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La ilusión de la decadencia moral
Adam M Mastroianni1, Daniel T Gilbert2
1Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. adam.m.mastroianni@gmail.com.
Nature
|June 7, 2023
Resumen
La creencia generalizada de que la moral está en declive es una ilusión. Los sesgos psicológicos en la exposición y la memoria de la información crean esta percepción, a pesar de que las normas morales objetivas permanecen estables con el tiempo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología social
- Sociología
- Psicología moral
Sus antecedentes:
- La evidencia anecdótica y la percepción pública sugieren un declive en la moralidad global.
- Esta creencia ha persistido durante al menos 70 años en numerosas naciones.
- Las atribuciones para el declive moral percibido incluyen el envejecimiento individual y los cambios generacionales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la creencia generalizada en el declive de la moral global.
- Para determinar si la percepción de la decadencia moral es empíricamente apoyada o ilusoria.
- Para identificar los mecanismos psicológicos que subyacen a la ilusión de la decadencia moral.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de archivos y datos originales de más de 12 millones de personas en 60 naciones.
- Análisis comparativo de informes históricos y contemporáneos sobre la moralidad.
- Estudios experimentales que manipulan la exposición a la información y el recuerdo relacionados con la moralidad.
Principales resultados:
- La percepción de la decadencia moral está muy extendida, es persistente y carece de fundamento.
- Las medidas objetivas no muestran una disminución en la moralidad de los contemporáneos con el tiempo.
- Los sesgos psicológicos, incluida la exposición y la memoria de información sesgada, crean la ilusión de decadencia moral.
Conclusiones:
- La creencia en la decadencia moral es una ilusión cognitiva, no un reflejo de la realidad.
- Comprender esta ilusión es crucial para abordar la mala asignación de recursos y los déficits de apoyo social.
- La ilusión puede atenuarse, eliminarse o revertirse bajo condiciones específicas, como centrarse en individuos conocidos o períodos históricos.
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