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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
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Sistema de polímero químicamente reciclable basado en la polimerización de apertura de anillo aromático nucleofílico

Yong-Liang Su1, Liang Yue2, Huan Tran3

  • 1School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 12, 2023
PubMed
Resumen

Los politioéteres químicamente reciclables se desarrollaron utilizando la química de sustitución aromática dinámica nucleofílica. Estos nuevos polímeros ofrecen propiedades ajustables y una despolimerización eficiente, lo que hace avanzar la ciencia de los polímeros sostenibles.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los Polímeros
  • Química de los materiales
  • Química sustentable

Sus antecedentes:

  • El desarrollo de polímeros químicamente reciclables con propiedades deseables sigue siendo un desafío importante.
  • Las reacciones químicas reversibles son cruciales para los ciclos eficientes de polimerización y despolimerización.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para reportar un nuevo sistema de poliéter químicamente reciclable.
  • Demostrar una plataforma de monómeros bien definida para la polimerización de apertura de anillos de crecimiento de cadena a través de la sustitución aromática nucleofílica (SNAr).

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizó la química de la sustitución aromática dinámica nucleofílica (SNAr).
  • Se utilizan monómeros de benzotiocano (BT) fácilmente accesibles para la polimerización.
  • Mecanismo de polimerización de apertura de anillo de crecimiento de cadena investigado.

Principales resultados:

  • Se han logrado polimerizaciones rápidas que se completan en minutos.
  • Demostró una fácil personalización de las funcionalidades del colgante para la sintonización de propiedades.
  • Materiales de poliéter obtenidos con un rendimiento comparable al de los termoplásticos comerciales.
  • Los polímeros despolimerizados con éxito vuelven a los monómeros originales en altos rendimientos.

Conclusiones:

  • El sistema de politioéter reportado es el primer ejemplo de una plataforma de monómero bien definida para la polimerización de apertura de anillo de crecimiento de cadena SNAr.
  • Este trabajo proporciona una ruta viable hacia polímeros sostenibles con propiedades ajustables y una reciclabilidad eficiente.