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Consecuencias de 6 meses de COVID-19 en pacientes dados de alta del hospital: un estudio de cohorte
Chaolin Huang1, Lixue Huang2, Yeming Wang3
1Medical Department, Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 15, 2023
Resumen
Los sobrevivientes de COVID-19 a menudo experimentan fatiga a largo plazo, problemas de sueño y ansiedad. La enfermedad grave aumenta los riesgos de deterioro de la función pulmonar y de imágenes torácicas anormales, lo que requiere intervenciones específicas para la recuperación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades infecciosas
- Medicina de los pulmones
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Los efectos a largo plazo de la salud del COVID-19 (enfermedad por coronavirus 2019) no se comprenden bien.
- Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir problemas de salud persistentes en pacientes con COVID-19 que fueron dados de alta.
- Factores de riesgo investigados, en particular la gravedad de la enfermedad, para las consecuencias a largo plazo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para caracterizar las consecuencias de salud a largo plazo que experimentan los sobrevivientes de COVID-19 después de la hospitalización.
- Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con estos problemas de salud persistentes, centrándose en la gravedad inicial de la enfermedad.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte ambidireccional de 1733 pacientes con COVID-19 que fueron dados de alta de Wuhan, China.
- Utilizó cuestionarios, exámenes físicos, pruebas de caminata de 6 minutos, análisis de sangre, pruebas de función pulmonar y tomografías computarizadas.
- Se utilizaron modelos de regresión multivariables para evaluar la asociación entre la gravedad de la enfermedad y los resultados de salud a largo plazo.
Principales resultados:
- Los síntomas comunes a los 6 meses incluyen fatiga/debilidad muscular (52%), dificultades para dormir (26%), y ansiedad/depresión (23%).
- Una mayor gravedad de la enfermedad se correlacionó con un deterioro de la difusión pulmonar (OR 4,60 para la escala 5-6 frente a 3) y resultados anormales en la TC.
- Se observaron títulos reducidos de anticuerpos neutralizantes y casos de disminución de la tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (eGFR).
Conclusiones:
- Los sobrevivientes de COVID-19 a menudo enfrentan síntomas persistentes como fatiga y ansiedad, con gravedad vinculada a anomalías pulmonares y de imagen.
- Los pacientes con COVID-19 agudo grave son un grupo clave para las intervenciones de recuperación a largo plazo.
- Se necesitan más investigaciones para comprender y controlar los efectos crónicos del COVID-19.
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