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Las caídas de cepas revelan interacciones que gobiernan la producción metabólica del microbioma intestinal

Min Wang¹, Lucas J Osborn², Sunit Jain³

¹Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

|June 23, 2023

Resumen

La eliminación de cepas específicas de bacterias intestinales que procesan los ácidos biliares altera significativamente el microbioma. Incluso bacterias funcionalmente similares pueden tener efectos impredecibles en cascada en la composición y función de la comunidad.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología
Investigación del microbioma intestinal
Ingeniería metabólica

Sus antecedentes:

La complejidad del microbioma intestinal hace que la comprensión de los roles de las cepas individuales sea un desafío.
La deshidroxilación del ácido biliar 7α es un nicho clave ocupado por cepas bacterianas específicas.
Investigar la redundancia funcional y su impacto a nivel comunitario es crucial.

Objetivo del estudio:

Determinar el impacto específico de la eliminación de cepas de nicho de deshidroxilación de ácido biliar 7α en una comunidad intestinal definida.
Evaluar las consecuencias de la redundancia funcional en la estructura de la comunidad y la producción metabólica.
Para explorar cómo los cambios en el nivel de tensión se propagan a través del microbioma.

Principales métodos:

Construcción de comunidades microbianas intestinales definidas con eliminaciones de cepas específicas.
Eliminación de las cepas de Clostridium scindens (Cs) y Clostridium hylemonae (Ch).
Análisis de la abundancia relativa de la cepa y de la deshidroxilación del ácido biliar.
Análisis metabólico de los metabolitos de fenilalanina derivados del microbioma.

Principales resultados:

La omisión de Cs y Ch eliminó la producción secundaria de ácido biliar.
Ocho cepas comunitarias cambiaron la abundancia relativa en más de 100 veces.
Los esporógenos de Clostridium aumentaron más de 1.000 veces en la pérdida de ΔCs pero no en la pérdida de ΔCh.
La eliminación de la cepa reformó el grupo de metabolitos de fenilalanina derivados del microbioma.

Conclusiones:

Las cepas funcionalmente redundantes pueden tener impactos muy diferentes fuera de su nicho primario.
La eliminación de cepas de un nicho específico puede conducir a efectos impredecibles en toda la comunidad.
Las interacciones a nivel de cepa influyen significativamente en los fenotipos de la comunidad, incluso para funciones no relacionadas.

Palabras clave:

ecología el metabolismo el microbioma

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