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Un planeta gigante cercano escapa de ser engullido por su estrella
Marc Hon1, Daniel Huber2,3, Nicholas Z Rui4
1Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA. mtyhon@hawaii.edu.
Nature
|June 28, 2023
Resumen
Los planetas que orbitan estrellas similares al Sol pueden sobrevivir a las fases de gigante roja. El descubrimiento de un planeta gigante que orbita a una gigante roja que quema helio desafía las suposiciones anteriores sobre la supervivencia planetaria durante la evolución estelar.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias exoplanetarias
- Evolución estelar
- La astronomía
Sus antecedentes:
- Las estrellas de la secuencia principal se expanden en gigantes rojas, típicamente envolviendo planetas cercanos.
- La ausencia de planetas de período corto alrededor de gigantes rojos que queman helio en el núcleo sugiere que los planetas no sobreviven a esta fase.
- Esta ausencia fue interpretada como evidencia en contra de la supervivencia de los planetas de corto período alrededor de estrellas similares al Sol.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la supervivencia de los planetas alrededor de gigantes rojos que queman helio.
- Desafiar la suposición prevaleciente de que los planetas cercanos son destruidos durante la expansión estelar.
- Explorar escenarios alternativos para la supervivencia planetaria durante las etapas avanzadas de la evolución estelar.
Principales métodos:
- Descubrimiento y caracterización del planeta gigante 8 Ursae Minoris b.
- Análisis de la distancia orbital del planeta (0,5 UA) en relación con el radio de gigante roja predicho de la estrella anfitriona (0,7 UA).
- Evaluación de la dinámica orbital y modelos de evolución estelar para explicar la supervivencia del planeta.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de un planeta gigante, 8 Ursae Minoris b, que orbita alrededor de un gigante rojo con núcleo de helio.
- La órbita cercana del planeta (0,5 UA) indica que debería haber sido engullido por la estrella durante su fase de gigante roja.
- La órbita casi circular del planeta desafía los escenarios de supervivencia que involucran una órbita inicial distante.
Conclusiones:
- Los gigantes rojos que queman helio en el núcleo pueden albergar planetas cercanos, contrariamente a las creencias anteriores.
- La supervivencia de 8 Ursae Minoris b sugiere que puede haber ocurrido una fusión estelar, alterando la evolución estelar o creando un planeta de segunda generación.
- Este sistema proporciona evidencia de que la evolución estelar no canónica juega un papel en la supervivencia a largo plazo de los sistemas exoplanetarios.
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