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La desaparición medieval de una cumbre gigante del Himalaya inducida por un mega deslizamiento de tierra
Jérôme Lavé1, Cyrielle Guérin2, Pierre G Valla3
1CRPG, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. jlave@crpg.cnrs-nancy.fr.
Nature
|July 5, 2023
Resumen
Los deslizamientos de rocas gigantes, no la erosión típica, pueden explicar cómo las altas cimas del Himalaya pierden altura. Este proceso, posiblemente impulsado por el permafrost, remodela dramáticamente los paisajes e impacta las cargas de sedimentos de los ríos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Geomorfología
- Glaciología
- Tectónica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los mecanismos de erosión del Himalaya a altitudes extremas siguen siendo poco conocidos.
- La erosión glacial domina los pisos de los valles, pero los procesos periglaciales de gran altitud parecen menos intensos.
- Esto sugiere tasas de erosión silenciadas para los picos más altos, cuestionando su estabilidad geológica a largo plazo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los procesos de erosión que afectan a los picos más altos del Himalaya.
- Identificar los mecanismos potenciales responsables de limitar el crecimiento de la elevación máxima.
- Comprender las consecuencias geomórficas y sedimentarias de los eventos de pérdida de masa a gran altitud.
Principales métodos:
- Investigación geológica de un evento masivo de deslizamiento de rocas en el macizo del Annapurna.
- La datación radiométrica del evento de deslizamiento de rocas.
- Análisis del volumen del deslizamiento de rocas y su impacto en la elevación de la cumbre.
Principales resultados:
- Evidencia de un deslizamiento de roca gigante alrededor de 1190 dC, que involucra aproximadamente 23 km3 de roca.
- El deslizamiento de rocas derrumbó una paleocumbre que probablemente supera los 8.000 metros.
- Este evento sugiere que los mega deslizamientos de rocas son un proceso significativo de erosión a gran altitud.
Conclusiones:
- Los mega deslizamientos de rocas pueden ser un mecanismo principal para la erosión de los altos picos del Himalaya, evitando el crecimiento excesivo.
- El permafrost a grandes alturas probablemente contribuye a la resistencia mecánica de los sustratos de pico, facilitando grandes deslizamientos de roca.
- Estos eventos generan sedimentos sustanciales, impactando los valles aguas abajo y los sistemas fluviales durante períodos prolongados.
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