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Franz Schug1, Avi Bar-Massada2, Amanda R Carlson3

  • 1SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. fschug@wisc.edu.

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|July 19, 2023

Ver abstracta en PubMed

Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La interfaz entre la tierra silvestre y la ciudad (WUI), donde los edificios se encuentran con la vegetación, es un fenómeno global. Este estudio traza el mapa del WUI, revelando que impacta a miles de millones y requiere comprensión de los riesgos futuros de incendios forestales.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias del medio ambiente, geografía, teledetección y planificación urbana

Sus antecedentes:

  • La interfaz entre tierras silvestres y ciudades (WUI, por sus siglas en inglés) es una zona crítica de interacción humano-ambiental, que plantea riesgos como incendios forestales, pérdida de hábitat y propagación de enfermedades.
  • Los análisis globales previos de la IUM eran insuficientes, lo que dificultaba una comprensión exhaustiva de su alcance e impacto.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Crear un mapa global de alta resolución de la UMI para el año 2020.
  • Identificar los puntos críticos mundiales de la UI y analizar la densidad de población, la cobertura de la tierra y las variaciones de la biomasa dentro de estas áreas.
  • Evaluar la proporción de poblaciones que viven en la UEO y cerca de los incendios forestales.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollo de un enfoque globalmente coherente y validado utilizando conjuntos de datos derivados de la teledetección.
  • Se utilizaron datos de resolución de 10 m para el mapeo de la superficie de los edificios y de la vegetación silvestre.
  • Análisis de la distribución de la población y la proximidad a los incendios forestales (2003-2020).

    • Principales resultados:

    • El WUI es un fenómeno global, que cubre el 4,7% de la tierra pero alberga a 3.500 millones de personas (casi la mitad de la población mundial).
    • Identificó numerosos puntos de acceso WUI previamente no documentados con diversas densidades de población, cubiertas de tierra y niveles de biomasa.
    • Europa (15% de la superficie terrestre) y los bosques templados de hoja ancha/mezclados (18%) muestran una amplia distribución de la UMA. Dos tercios de las personas cerca de los incendios forestales viven en el WUI, con 150 millones en África.

    Conclusiones:

    • La UIW es una característica global significativa y generalizada con poblaciones humanas sustanciales en riesgo.
    • Los aumentos inducidos por el cambio climático en la actividad de incendios forestales requieren comprender el crecimiento de las viviendas y los patrones de vegetación dentro de la WUI.
    • Este mapa global de WUI proporciona una línea de base crucial para futuras investigaciones, políticas y estrategias de gestión de riesgos.