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Puntos críticos mundiales de la diversidad filogenética y funcional objeto de comercio
Liam J Hughes1, Mike R Massam1, Oscar Morton1
1Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Nature
|July 26, 2023
Resumen
Los puntos calientes del comercio mundial de vida silvestre para la diversidad filogenética y funcional se encuentran principalmente en los trópicos. Este comercio amenaza los linajes evolutivos únicos y las funciones ecológicas, lo que requiere esfuerzos de conservación específicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología de la conservación
- Ecología
- Investigación de la biodiversidad
Sus antecedentes:
- El comercio de especies silvestres es una industria global importante que afecta a numerosas especies.
- Comprender los impactos del comercio en la diversidad filogenética (PD) y funcional (FD) es crucial para la conservación.
- PD y FD son clave para mantener la historia evolutiva, las funciones ecológicas y los servicios del ecosistema.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar los puntos de acceso globales para la diversidad filogenética y funcional comercializada.
- Analizar las características de las especies comercializadas con mayor frecuencia.
- Informar sobre estrategias de conservación específicas para mitigar la pérdida de biodiversidad por el comercio de especies silvestres.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un conjunto de datos globales de especies de aves y mamíferos comercializados.
- Diversidad filogenética (PD) y diversidad funcional (FD) evaluadas de las especies comercializadas.
- Se han calculado tamaños de efecto estandarizados para identificar puntos calientes de diversidad.
Principales resultados:
- Las regiones tropicales presentan los niveles más altos de PD y FD comercializados.
- Se identificaron puntos de acceso significativos para la enfermedad de Parkinson y la enfermedad de Parkinson comercializada en los trópicos, con la enfermedad de Parkinson adicional en mamíferos en el este de los Estados Unidos y la enfermedad de Parkinson en Europa.
- Las aves de gran tamaño, frugívoras, que viven en el dosel y los grandes mamíferos se comercializan de manera desproporcionada.
Conclusiones:
- El comercio de especies silvestres conduce a pérdidas sustanciales de linajes evolutivos únicos y rasgos funcionales, especialmente en las regiones tropicales.
- Estas pérdidas pueden tener efectos en cascada en los ecosistemas y la integridad de la comunidad.
- Los esfuerzos de conservación específicos son esenciales en los puntos críticos identificados para evitar la explotación insostenible y preservar la biodiversidad.
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