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Aumento de los eventos consecutivos de La Niña bajo el calentamiento global
Nature
|July 26, 2023
Resumen
Se prevé que los eventos consecutivos de La Niña, que duran varios años, aumenten en frecuencia debido a las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Esta tendencia sugiere una mayor frecuencia de los fenómenos climáticos extremos que afectan a los ecosistemas globales y a la agricultura.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del clima
- La oceanografía
- Ciencias atmosféricas
Sus antecedentes:
- El Niño y La Niña son patrones climáticos clave que influyen en el clima global.
- Los eventos consecutivos de La Niña prolongan los impactos climáticos en comparación con los eventos de un solo año.
- Los cambios futuros en la frecuencia de La Niña plurianual siguen siendo inciertos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la frecuencia futura de eventos consecutivos de La Niña bajo varios escenarios de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.
- Comprender las dinámicas climáticas subyacentes que impulsan los cambios en la duración del evento de La Niña.
Principales métodos:
- Modelos climáticos utilizados bajo futuros forzamientos de gases de efecto invernadero.
- Se analizaron los resultados del modelo para evaluar los cambios en la frecuencia y las características del evento de La Niña.
- Examinó el papel de los patrones de calentamiento del Océano Pacífico en la modulación de la persistencia de La Niña.
Principales resultados:
- Aumento proyectado de la frecuencia consecutiva de La Niña, que oscila entre el 19% (bajas emisiones) y el 33% (altas emisiones).
- Los escenarios de emisiones más altas muestran un consenso intermodelo más fuerte para una mayor frecuencia de La Niña.
- El calentamiento del invernadero aumenta los vientos orientales anómalos, prolongando las anomalías frías de La Niña.
Conclusiones:
- Es probable que los eventos consecutivos de La Niña se vuelvan más frecuentes a lo largo del siglo XXI.
- El aumento de la frecuencia de estos eventos dará lugar a fenómenos climáticos extremos más frecuentes y prolongados.
- Los resultados ponen de relieve el impacto significativo del cambio climático antropogénico en la dinámica de ENSO.
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