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Las grietas rompen la barrera del sonido
1Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
Resumen
Las grietas de tensión pueden propagarse más rápido que la velocidad del sonido. Este sorprendente hallazgo desafía la comprensión previa de la mecánica de la fractura y la dinámica de la falla del material.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de los materiales
- La física
- Mecánica
Sus antecedentes:
- La mecánica de la fractura asume tradicionalmente que la propagación de las grietas está limitada por las velocidades de las ondas.
- La comprensión de la dinámica de las grietas es crucial para el análisis de la integridad y las fallas del material.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar experimentalmente la velocidad máxima de propagación de las grietas por tracción.
- Para determinar si las grietas pueden exceder la velocidad del sonido en ciertas condiciones.
Principales métodos:
- Se emplearon técnicas de imagen de alta velocidad para capturar la propagación de grietas.
- Se realizaron experimentos con materiales específicos bajo tensión de tracción controlada.
Principales resultados:
- La evidencia experimental demuestra que las grietas de tracción pueden propagarse a velocidades superiores a la velocidad de onda de Rayleigh (la velocidad del sonido en los sólidos).
- Las velocidades de grieta observadas superaron la velocidad del sonido en los materiales probados.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos desafían las teorías establecidas en la mecánica de la fractura.
- La propagación de grietas puede ocurrir a velocidades supersónicas, lo que requiere modelos revisados para la falla del material.
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