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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
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Reciclaje químico de polietileno, polipropileno y mezclas para obtener tensioactivos de alto valor

Zhen Xu1, Nuwayo Eric Munyaneza1, Qikun Zhang2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

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|August 10, 2023
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Resumen

Este estudio convierte los residuos plásticos como el polietileno (PE) y el polipropileno (PP) en ácidos grasos valiosos mediante termólisis y oxidación por gradiente de temperatura. El proceso es económicamente viable y transforma el plástico en productos químicos y tensioactivos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ingeniería Química
  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química sustentable

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los residuos plásticos, en particular el polietileno (PE) y el polipropileno (PP), plantean un importante desafío medioambiental.
  • Los ácidos grasos son productos químicos de alto valor con diversas aplicaciones industriales.
  • Los métodos actuales para la conversión de residuos plásticos a menudo se enfrentan a limitaciones en cuanto a eficiencia y viabilidad económica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un método eficiente para convertir los residuos plásticos de PE y PP en ácidos grasos.
  • Investigar las transformaciones químicas involucradas en el reciclaje de residuos plásticos.
  • Evaluar la viabilidad económica del proceso desarrollado para su aplicación industrial.

Principales métodos:

  • Termolisis por gradiente de temperatura para degradar de forma controlada el PE y el PP en ceras.
  • Oxidación de ceras utilizando estearato de manganeso para producir ácidos grasos.
  • Procesamiento posterior de los ácidos grasos en tensioactivos.
  • Análisis tecnoeconómico para la viabilidad a escala industrial.

Principales resultados:

  • Se ha logrado una conversión del 80% de PE y PP en ácidos grasos con masas molares promedio de hasta 700 y 670 daltones, respectivamente.
  • Aplicabilidad demostrada a los residuos plásticos municipales y sus mezclas.
  • Se identificó que la degradación de PP produce más cera de olefina y ácidos grasos con mayor número de ácidos en comparación con el PE.
  • Se han convertido con éxito ácidos grasos en tensioactivos de alto valor.
  • El análisis tecnoeconómico a escala industrial indicó una viabilidad económica sin subvenciones.

Conclusiones:

  • El proceso de termólisis y oxidación con gradiente de temperatura desarrollado ofrece una vía eficaz para el reciclaje de residuos plásticos de PE y PP en ácidos grasos y tensioactivos valiosos.
  • El proceso es robusto, aplicable a los residuos plásticos municipales mixtos y económicamente viable para su implementación industrial.
  • Este enfoque contribuye a la gestión sostenible de los residuos y al abastecimiento de productos químicos.