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Una ADP-ribosiltransferasa viral une cadenas de ARN a las proteínas del huésped
Maik Wolfram-Schauerte1,2, Nadiia Pozhydaieva1, Julia Grawenhoff2
1Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
Nature
|August 16, 2023
Resumen
El bacteriófago T4 utiliza un nuevo proceso de ARNilación para unir el ARN a las proteínas ribosomales, impactando la maquinaria de la célula huésped. Este descubrimiento revela un nuevo papel biológico para el NAD-ARN en las estrategias de infección viral.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología molecular
- Virología
- La bioquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los virus reprograman las células huésped utilizando enzimas como la adenosina difosfato (ADP) - ribosiltransferasa (ART).
- El nicotinamida adenina dinucleótido (NAD) es una modificación conocida del ARN.
- El bacteriófago T4 emplea ART para modificar el huésped Escherichia coli.
- La ribosilación de ADP es un mecanismo clave para la reprogramación viral.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la especificidad del sustrato y la función del fago T4 ART ModB.
- Para aclarar el papel del ARN cubierto por NAD (NAD-RNA) en la infección viral.
- Comprender el mecanismo de ARNilación y sus implicaciones biológicas.
Principales métodos:
- Ensayos enzimáticos utilizando sustratos de NAD y NAD-ARN.
- Identificación de proteínas y moléculas de ARN en vivo.
- Análisis de las mutaciones de los fagos T4 con ModB inactivado.
Principales resultados:
- T4 ART ModB acepta el NAD y el NAD-ARN como sustratos.
- ModB cataliza una reacción de ARNilación, uniendo el ARN a las proteínas.
- Las proteínas ribosomales rS1 y rL2 están específicamente ARNiladas en los residuos de Arginina.
- Los ARN específicos de E. coli y T4 están vinculados a rS1 in vivo.
- Los mutantes ModB inactivos conducen a una reducción del tamaño de la ráfaga de fagos y a una lisis más lenta del huésped.
Conclusiones:
- El NAD-ARN actúa como un sustrato activado para la transferencia enzimática a las proteínas.
- La RNAilación es un nuevo mecanismo para que el bacteriófago T4 module la traducción del huésped.
- Este estudio revela un vínculo directo entre la modificación del ARN y la modificación de las proteínas post-traductorales.
- La RNAilación tiene implicaciones potenciales más allá de las infecciones virales debido a las amplias funciones de los ART.
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