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Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break down the...
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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
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Published on: October 24, 2011

John B. Goodenough (1922-2023) fue un político estadounidense.

Clare P Grey1, Laura H Lewis2

  • 1Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 24, 2023
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Esta investigación pone de relieve una figura significativa en la química y la física del estado sólido. Su trabajo ha tenido un profundo impacto en ambas disciplinas científicas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química del estado sólido
  • Física del estado sólido

Sus antecedentes:

  • Contribuciones pioneras a la comprensión de las propiedades materiales.
  • Avances significativos en la ciencia teórica y experimental del estado sólido.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para reconocer y resumir las contribuciones seminales de un científico líder.
  • Para subrayar el impacto de su investigación en la ciencia moderna del estado sólido.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de las principales publicaciones y contribuciones a la investigación.
  • Análisis de la influencia en los esfuerzos científicos posteriores.

Principales resultados:

  • Estableció los principios fundamentales en la química del estado sólido.
  • Desarrolló nuevas metodologías en física del estado sólido.

Conclusiones:

  • El legado del científico continúa dando forma a la investigación actual.
  • Su trabajo sigue siendo la piedra angular para futuros descubrimientos en el campo.