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Una subred orexigenic dentro del hipocampo humano

Daniel A N Barbosa1, Sandra Gattas2, Juliana S Salgado3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

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|August 30, 2023
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Resumen

Los investigadores identificaron un circuito del cerebro humano que conecta el hipotálamo lateral y el hipocampo involucrados en el control del apetito. Esta vía neuronal está implicada en la obesidad y los trastornos alimentarios.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Fisiología humana
  • Regulación del apetito

Sus antecedentes:

  • El hipocampo de los roedores está implicado en el procesamiento orexigénico (estimulante del apetito).
  • Se cree que las entradas hipotalámicas laterales, incluidos los neuropéptidos como la hormona de concentración de melanina, median esta función.
  • Los circuitos neuronales humanos específicos permanecen en gran medida sin caracterizar.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar y caracterizar el circuito neuronal orexigenico que involucra el hipotálamo lateral y el hipocampo en humanos.
  • Para investigar las propiedades funcionales y estructurales de este circuito.
  • Para explorar la asociación del circuito con el comportamiento alimentario y el índice de masa corporal.

Principales métodos:

  • Enfoque multimodal que combina la tractografía, la electrofisiología intracraneal y los potenciales evocados cortico-subcorticales.
  • Histología 3D usando técnicas de limpieza cerebral.
  • Análisis de una cohorte humana con comportamiento alimentario desregulado.

Principales resultados:

  • Identificó un circuito orexigénico específico que conecta el hipotálamo lateral con una subregión dorsolateral del hipocampo.
  • Modulación observada de la potencia de baja frecuencia por señales de alimentos dulces y grasos, específicas del hipocampo dorsolateral.
  • Encontró una relación inversa entre la conectividad del circuito y el índice de masa corporal en individuos con trastornos alimentarios.

Conclusiones:

  • Describe una nueva subred orexigenic dentro del hipocampo humano.
  • Este circuito está modulado funcionalmente por señales de alimentos y está estructuralmente vinculado a la obesidad.
  • Proporciona información sobre las bases neuronales de la desregulación del apetito y los trastornos alimentarios.