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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Soluciones sólidas polimórficas en cristales moleculares: consejos, trucos y interruptores

Adam Hill1,2, Weronika Kras2, Fragkoulis Theodosiou1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 6, 2023
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las soluciones sólidas moleculares son comunes e impactan las propiedades del cristal. Este estudio propone una nomenclatura, discute los desafíos de caracterización y demuestra cómo las soluciones sólidas alteran la estabilidad polimórfica, utilizando la benzamida como modelo.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La cristalografía
  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Ciencias Farmacéuticas

Sus antecedentes:

  • El polimorfismo cristalino es crucial en los productos farmacéuticos, mientras que las soluciones sólidas moleculares a menudo se pasan por alto.
  • Los compuestos moleculares con frecuencia contienen impurezas que forman soluciones sólidas, lo que complica la purificación.
  • Comprender las soluciones sólidas es vital debido a su prevalencia e impacto en las propiedades del cristal.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proponer una nomenclatura para las soluciones sólidas cristalinas moleculares capaces de polimorfismo.
  • Resaltar los desafíos en la caracterización experimental y computacional de estos sistemas.
  • Para demostrar el fenómeno general de las soluciones sólidas que alteran la estabilidad polimórfica.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollo de un nuevo sistema de nomenclatura.
  • Revisión y discusión de las técnicas de caracterización experimental y computacional.
  • Investigación experimental de soluciones sólidas a base de benzamida con nicotinamida y 3-fluorobenzamida.

Principales resultados:

  • Se propone un nuevo sistema de nomenclatura para las soluciones sólidas cristalinas moleculares.
  • Se identifican desafíos significativos en la caracterización de estos sistemas complejos.
  • Se demostró que la formación de soluciones sólidas altera generalmente las estabilidades relativas de los polimorfos en el sistema de benzamida.

Conclusiones:

  • Las soluciones sólidas moleculares son frecuentes e influyen significativamente en el comportamiento del cristal.
  • Se necesita una nomenclatura estandarizada y métodos avanzados de caracterización.
  • El impacto de las soluciones sólidas en la estabilidad polimórfica es un fenómeno general con implicaciones para el desarrollo de fármacos.