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Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

4.5K
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

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Overview
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
22.9K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

23.4K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

Published on: December 6, 2017

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Los contactos cromosómicos cambian con la edad

Schahram Akbarian1, Hyejung Won2

  • 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 7, 2023
PubMed
Resumen

La estructura tridimensional del genoma cambia a lo largo de la vida. Esta organización dinámica impacta las funciones celulares y el desarrollo del organismo.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • La genómica
  • Biología celular
  • Biología del desarrollo

Sus antecedentes:

  • La disposición espacial del genoma dentro del núcleo es crucial para la regulación de los genes.
  • La organización del genoma no es estática y sufre cambios significativos durante la vida de un organismo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la remodelación dinámica de la organización tridimensional del genoma.
  • Para entender cómo estos cambios influyen en los procesos celulares a lo largo de la vida.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizando técnicas avanzadas de captura de la conformación cromosómica (3C).
  • Emplear la biología computacional para analizar datos de interacción genómica a gran escala.

Principales resultados:

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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
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Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
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  • Se observaron alteraciones significativas en los bucles de cromatina y en los dominios topológicamente asociados (TAD) a lo largo del tiempo.
  • Identificó regiones genómicas específicas que exhiben una remodelación pronunciada.

Conclusiones:

  • La arquitectura tridimensional del genoma es altamente plástica y se remodela activamente a lo largo de la vida.
  • Estos cambios dinámicos son fundamentales para la función celular y la adaptación.