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Corrientes de densidad rápidas y destructivas creadas por erupciones volcánicas que entran en el océano
Michael A Clare1, Isobel A Yeo1, Sally Watson2
1National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 7, 2023
Resumen
Las erupciones volcánicas directamente en el océano pueden generar corrientes de fondo marino extremadamente rápidas, que superan los 122 km/h. Estas poderosas corrientes submarinas, más rápidas que las de otros desastres naturales, pueden causar daños significativos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Geología marina y vulcanología
- Oceanografía y peligros naturales
Sus antecedentes:
- Las erupciones volcánicas terrestres generan corrientes de densidad piroclástica que pueden desencadenar tsunamis.
- El comportamiento y el impacto del material volcánico colocado directamente en el océano permanecen mal documentados.
- Estudios anteriores no han investigado las corrientes del fondo marino generadas por erupciones volcánicas submarinas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Documentar y analizar las características de las corrientes del fondo marino generadas por el emplazamiento volcánico directo en el océano.
- Para comparar la velocidad y el impacto de estas corrientes de densidad volcánica con las de otros eventos geofísicos.
- Para proporcionar evidencia de la ocurrencia generalizada de grandes erupciones volcánicas submarinas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los datos del fondo marino tras una erupción volcánica.
- Medición de la velocidad de corriente y las distancias de escurrimiento de las corrientes de densidad volcánica.
- Comparación de rastros excavados con características geológicas conocidas alrededor de volcanes sumergidos.
Principales resultados:
- El rápido emplazamiento de material volcánico en pendientes empinadas sumergidas provocó corrientes del fondo marino extremadamente rápidas (122 km / h).
- Estas corrientes exhibieron largas distancias de escurrimiento (> 100 km) y fueron más rápidas que las generadas por terremotos, inundaciones o tormentas.
- Las corrientes causaron daños significativos, incluida la ruptura de los cables del fondo marino y la excavación de pozos profundos.
Conclusiones:
- El emplazamiento volcánico directo en el océano puede generar poderosas y destructivas corrientes de densidad del fondo marino.
- Estas corrientes volcánicas representan un peligro significativo, capaz de interrumpir la infraestructura crítica como los cables de comunicación.
- Los barridos observados proporcionan evidencia de eventos volcánicos similares a gran escala en otros sitios volcánicos sumergidos en todo el mundo.
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