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Published on: August 13, 2019
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Biología de la menopausia, consecuencias, cuidados de apoyo y opciones terapéuticas
Susan R Davis1, JoAnn Pinkerton2, Nanette Santoro3
1Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Health, Commercial Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
Cell
|September 7, 2023
Resumen
La menopausia marca el fin de la función ovárica y la fertilidad, afectando a las mujeres
Área de la Ciencia:
- Endocrinología Reproductiva y Envejecimiento
Sus antecedentes:
- La menopausia es un proceso biológico natural definido por el cese de la función ovárica y la producción de hormonas reproductivas.
- Por lo general, ocurre alrededor de los 49 años, con variaciones en diferentes etnias y ubicaciones geográficas.
- Los cambios fisiológicos durante la menopausia pueden provocar síntomas molestos y problemas de salud a largo plazo, que afectan particularmente a la salud cardiometabólica y musculoesquelética.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la compleja fisiología de la menopausia y sus implicaciones para la salud.
- Discutir las opciones de tratamiento basadas en la evidencia para los síntomas de la menopausia, incluida la terapia hormonal menopáusica (MHT) y las intervenciones no hormonales.
- Resaltar la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones, especialmente en lo que respecta a las mujeres en la perimenopausia y a la eficacia/seguridad de los diversos regímenes de tratamiento.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura existente sobre la fisiología, síntomas y tratamiento de la menopausia.
- Análisis de los beneficios y riesgos de la terapia hormonal menopáusica (MHT).
- Evaluación de las intervenciones no hormonales basadas en la evidencia para el tratamiento de los síntomas.
Principales resultados:
- La terapia hormonal menopáusica (MHT, por sus siglas en inglés) es el tratamiento más eficaz para los molestos síntomas de la menopausia, ya que ofrece una reducción de la pérdida ósea y potenciales beneficios cardiometabólicos.
- Existen opciones no hormonales basadas en la evidencia para aliviar los síntomas.
- Los regímenes actuales de MHT no están aprobados en gran medida para las mujeres perimenopáusicas, lo que indica una brecha en la investigación.
Conclusiones:
- El tratamiento individualizado con toma de decisiones compartida es crucial para controlar los síntomas de la menopausia.
- Es esencial realizar más investigaciones para comprender la eficacia y la seguridad del tratamiento en mujeres perimenopáusicas.
- La investigación continua es vital para avanzar en el cuidado, la política y la práctica clínica de la menopausia.
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