Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jul 16, 2025
10:44
Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies
Published on: July 1, 2016
11.5K
Impactos de la minería de metales en los sistemas fluviales: una evaluación global
M G Macklin1,2,3, C J Thomas1,4, A Mudbhatkal1
1Lincoln Centre for Water and Planetary Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 21, 2023
Resumen
Millones de personas se enfrentan a la exposición a residuos metálicos tóxicos, principalmente por la contaminación de los ríos, no solo por las fallas de las presas de relaves. Este peligro global afecta a 23 millones de personas en las llanuras de inundación en todo el mundo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Geoquímica
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Las actividades de extracción de metales pasadas y presentes generan desechos tóxicos.
- Se estima que 23 millones de personas viven en zonas inundadas con concentraciones de desechos peligrosos.
- El plomo, el zinc, el cobre y el arsénico son los principales contaminantes de preocupación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar las dimensiones globales de la contaminación de la minería de metales.
- Evaluar las poblaciones humanas y animales expuestas a los residuos mineros.
- Comparar los riesgos de exposición de la descarga fluvial a largo plazo frente a las fallas de las presas de relaves.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó una base de datos global georreferenciada de sitios de minería de metales y instalaciones de almacenamiento de relaves.
- Modelado basado en procesos y probado empíricamente para la evaluación de la contaminación.
- Sistemas fluviales afectados cuantificados, planicies de inundación y poblaciones y ganado expuestos.
Principales resultados:
- Las minas de metal afectan a 479.200 km de canales fluviales y 164.000 km2 de llanuras de inundación en todo el mundo.
- La exposición por descargas fluviales a largo plazo es significativamente mayor que por fallas en las presas de relaves.
- Millones de personas y ganado están en riesgo por los desechos tóxicos derivados de la minería.
Conclusiones:
- La minería de metales representa un peligro para el medio ambiente y la salud en todo el mundo.
- La contaminación de los ríos por los desechos mineros afecta a una población mucho mayor que los incidentes de las presas de relaves.
- Se necesitan estrategias urgentes para mitigar los riesgos asociados con los residuos mineros en los sistemas fluviales.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:27The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements
17.2K
Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of these are naturally occurring, and only a few of them are essential for life. Living matter is composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, with smaller amounts of other elements like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Other elements are also necessary for life but only in trace amounts.
Periodic Table Provides Information...
Periodic Table Provides Information...
17.2K
01:18Effects of EDTA on End-Point Detection Methods
297
Different methods, such as visual observance of metal-ion indicators, spectroscopic techniques, and potentiometric methods, can determine the endpoint of an EDTA titration.
In the visual method, metal-ion indicators (metallochromic dyes), which have distinct colors in their free and complex forms, are added to the mixture to signal the titration's end point. They form stable complexes with metal ions, but these complexes are weaker than the corresponding metal–EDTA complexes. As a...
In the visual method, metal-ion indicators (metallochromic dyes), which have distinct colors in their free and complex forms, are added to the mixture to signal the titration's end point. They form stable complexes with metal ions, but these complexes are weaker than the corresponding metal–EDTA complexes. As a...
297
01:15Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs
33
Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
33
00:56Extraction: Advanced Methods
481
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
481
01:30Environmental Applications of Microorganisms
46
Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
46
02:49Corrosion
25.0K
The degradation of metals due to natural electrochemical processes is known as corrosion. Rust formation on iron, tarnishing of silver, and the blue-green patina that develops on copper are examples of corrosion. Corrosion involves the oxidation of metals. Sometimes it is protective, such as the oxidation of copper or aluminum, wherein a protective layer of metal oxide or its derivatives forms on the surface, protecting the underlying metal from further oxidation. In other cases, corrosion is...
25.0K