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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

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The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
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Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

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The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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El ADN repetitivo regula la expresión génica

Thomas E Kuhlman1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 21, 2023
PubMed
Resumen

Las repeticiones en tándem cortas (STR) influyen en la actividad génica al interactuar con las proteínas reguladoras. Estas secuencias de ADN juegan un papel crucial en la regulación de los genes.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • La genética
  • Biología molecular
  • La epigenética

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las repeticiones en tándem cortas (STR) son secuencias de ADN repetitivas.
  • El papel funcional de las STR en la regulación génica no se comprende completamente.
  • Las proteínas reguladoras son componentes clave en el control de la expresión génica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el impacto de las repeticiones tandem cortas en la expresión génica.
  • Esclarecer el mecanismo por el cual las RST afectan la actividad génica.
  • Identificar el papel de la unión a proteínas reguladoras en la regulación genética mediada por STR.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de secuencias de ADN que contienen repeticiones en tándem cortas.
  • Pruebas de expresión genética.

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  • Los experimentos de unión proteína-ADN.

    • Principales resultados:

    • Se encontró que las repeticiones en tándem cortas influyen directamente en los niveles de expresión génica.
    • Se observó la unión de proteínas reguladoras específicas a las STR.
    • Esta unión se correlaciona con patrones alterados de expresión génica.

    Conclusiones:

    • Las repeticiones en tándem cortas son elementos funcionales que modulan la expresión génica.
    • Las interacciones de proteínas reguladoras con los STR son un mecanismo clave para esta modulación.
    • Las STR representan un factor significativo en el paisaje epigenético y la regulación génica.