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Los rasgos del huésped determinan la composición del viroma y la transmisión del virus en pequeños mamíferos
Yan-Mei Chen1, Shu-Jian Hu1, Xian-Dan Lin2
1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Cell
|September 21, 2023
Resumen
Los mamíferos salvajes como los murciélagos, roedores y musarañas albergan miles de virus, incluidos muchos nuevos. Este estudio revela una amplia diversidad de virus, transmisión entre especies y orígenes, lo que pone de relieve los posibles riesgos de enfermedades infecciosas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- Ecología
- Enfermedades infecciosas
Sus antecedentes:
- Los murciélagos, roedores y musarañas son reservorios clave para las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes.
- Comprender la evolución y la transmisión del virus en estos mamíferos es crucial para la salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para caracterizar exhaustivamente el viroma de murciélagos salvajes, roedores y musarañas.
- Para investigar la diversidad del virus, los orígenes y los patrones de transmisión entre especies.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación meta-transcriptómica de muestras de órganos y heces de 2.443 mamíferos silvestres en cuatro hábitats chinos.
- Análisis filogenético para identificar la diversidad viral y las relaciones evolutivas.
Principales resultados:
- Identificación de 669 virus, incluidas 534 nuevas especies virales, que amplían significativamente el viroma conocido de mamíferos.
- Descubrimiento de una alta diversidad filogenética, transmisión de virus entre especies y virus invertebrados en huéspedes mamíferos.
- El orden del huésped y el tamaño de la muestra fueron factores clave que influyeron en la composición del viroma y el contagio del virus.
Conclusiones:
- Los viromas de los mamíferos en los hábitats locales son notablemente diversos, con un potencial significativo para la aparición de nuevos virus.
- Las musarañas albergan una rica diversidad de virus, incluidos los asociados a los invertebrados, mientras que los roedores muestran una mayor capacidad para saltar de huésped.
- Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de estudiar los viromas de la vida silvestre para predecir y prevenir futuras enfermedades zoonóticas.
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