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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes
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Polietileno de diversas funciones por aminación catalítica

Nicodemo R Ciccia1,2, Jake X Shi1,2, Subhajit Pal3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 28, 2023
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Los investigadores desarrollaron un nuevo método para funcionalizar el polietileno, creando materiales versátiles con propiedades ajustables. Esta innovación mejora las aplicaciones del polietileno y simplifica el reciclado evitando compuestos complejos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de los polímeros
  • Ciencias de los materiales

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los métodos sintéticos actuales para polietileno funcional son limitados, lo que restringe las propiedades y aplicaciones del material.
  • Los compuestos de polietileno son difíciles de reciclar, lo que plantea desafíos ambientales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar nuevas vías sintéticas para crear polietileno funcional con diversas propiedades.
  • Superar las limitaciones de los métodos existentes y permitir nuevas aplicaciones para los materiales de polietileno.

Principales métodos:

  • Aminación catalizada por cobre de polietileno lineal y ramificado.
  • Se utilizan catalizadores diseñados con fracciones hidrofóbicas para evitar la degradación del polímero.

Principales resultados:

  • Se han sintetizado con éxito polietileno mono y bifuncional con grupos polares.
  • Se consiguen propiedades de volumen y superficie ajustables, como una mayor dureza, adherencia, pintabilidad y solubilidad en agua.
  • Funcionalidad demostrada sin escisión de la cadena ni enlaces cruzados.

Conclusiones:

  • El nuevo método permite acceder a polietileno con combinaciones únicas de grupos funcionales y arquitecturas.
  • Estos polietileno funcionales ofrecen un potencial para aplicaciones más amplias y reducen la dependencia de compuestos complejos no reciclables.