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El transporte selectivo de protones frente a cationes de los pilares anexos al borde de los sacáridos[5] son canales
Iuliana M Andrei1, Wenzhang Chen2, Marc Baaden3
1Institut Europeen des Membranes (IEM), Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group (NSA), University of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS, UMR 5635, 34095 Montpellier, France.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 29, 2023
Resumen
Los investigadores desarrollaron nuevos canales de agua artificiales utilizando arenas de pilares[5] funcionalizadas con sacaruros (PA-S). Estos canales biomiméticos transportan eficientemente el agua y transportan selectivamente los protones mientras rechazan los iones, imitando las acuaporinas naturales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química supramolecular
- Biofísica de las membranas
- Los materiales biomiméticos
Sus antecedentes:
- El transporte de agua a través de las membranas celulares es crucial para las funciones biológicas.
- Se están desarrollando canales artificiales para imitar los procesos de transporte biológico.
- Las arenas pilares (PA) se exploran por su potencial para crear canales de membrana artificiales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Diseñar e investigar canales de agua artificiales de sucarídeo simétrico con pilar funcionalizado[5]areno (PA-S).
- Evaluar la influencia de los diferentes gatekeepers de enlace H (d-manósido, ácido d-mannurónico, ácido siálico) en la actividad de transporte del canal.
- Comprender la relación estructura-actividad para el transporte eficiente del agua y la selectividad iónica.
Principales métodos:
- Síntesis de canales de agua artificiales PA-S con estructuras de poros variables.
- Variación sistemática de los grupos de anclaje/guardia de puertas en los brazos del PA.
- Evaluación del rendimiento del transporte del canal en las membranas de las dos capas lipídicas.
- Simulaciones moleculares para elucidar la formación de poros y los mecanismos de transporte de agua.
Principales resultados:
- Los canales PA-S demostraron altas tasas de transporte por agua (~ 10^6-10^7 aguas/s/canal), comparables a las acuaporinas.
- Los canales exhibían un transporte selectivo de protones ("carriles de protones") con un rechazo completo de los iones Na+ y K+.
- Las simulaciones moleculares confirmaron la formación de poros supramoleculares con guardianes de carbohidratos hidrófilos que actúan como relés de agua.
Conclusiones:
- Los canales de PA glicosilados desarrollados representan un sistema biomimético para el transporte de agua artificial.
- Estos canales controlan efectivamente el equilibrio hidrofóbico/hidrófilo para la inserción y función de la membrana.
- Los canales artificiales muestran una prometedora selectividad de transporte de protones frente a cationes, ofreciendo un raro ejemplo biomimético.
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