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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction02:27

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

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Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
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Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
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Expansión del anillo Metátesis alquínica Polimerización

Andrew M Beauchamp1, Jhonti Chakraborty1, Ion Ghiviriga2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 9, 2023
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores informan de un nuevo complejo de tungsteno de alquilidina atado que permite la polimerización de la metástasis de alquino con expansión de anillo (REAMP). Este nuevo catalizador sintetizó con éxito polímeros cíclicos a partir de cicloalquinas tensadas, confirmado por técnicas avanzadas de caracterización.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química organometálica
  • Química de los polímeros
  • Catálisis

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los complejos de alquilidina de tungsteno son catalizadores cruciales en la metástasis de alquina.
  • La polimerización por metástasis alquina de expansión de anillo (REAMP) ofrece una ruta hacia los polímeros cíclicos.
  • El desarrollo de nuevos catalizadores es esencial para avanzar en las técnicas de polimerización.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para sintetizar y caracterizar un nuevo complejo de tungsteno alquilidina atado.
  • Investigar la actividad del complejo en la polimerización de la metástasis alquina de expansión de anillos (REAMP).
  • Para demostrar la síntesis de polímeros cíclicos utilizando este nuevo sistema catalítico.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis del complejo de tungsteno de alquilidina atado 7 a partir del precursor 6 y el proligando 5.
  • Caracterización mediante espectroscopia de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN) y espectroscopia del Efecto Nuclear Overhauser (NOE).
  • Polimerización de cicloalquina estirada 8 seguida de mediciones de cromatografía por exclusión de tamaño (SEC) y de viscosidad intrínseca (η).

Principales resultados:

  • Se sintetizó y caracterizó con éxito un complejo de tungsteno de alquilidina atado dimérico (7).
  • El complejo 7 demostró actividad en la catalización de la polimerización de una cicloalquina tensa (8).
  • Los polímeros resultantes mostraron una topología cíclica, confirmada por mediciones de SEC y viscosidad.

Conclusiones:

  • Para REAMP se ha desarrollado un nuevo complejo de tungsteno de alquilidina atado.
  • Este sistema catalizador es eficaz en la producción de polímeros cíclicos a partir de las cicloalquinas tensadas.
  • Los hallazgos abren nuevas vías para sintetizar arquitecturas de polímeros cíclicos.