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Updated: Jul 14, 2025
04:44
Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
Published on: May 2, 2025
324
Diagnóstico y tratamiento del trastorno bipolar: una revisión
Andrew A Nierenberg1,2, Bruno Agustini3, Ole Köhler-Forsberg1,4,5,6
1Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
JAMA
|October 10, 2023
Resumen
El trastorno bipolar, que afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo, implica cambios de humor y, a menudo, un diagnóstico tardío. La intervención temprana y el tratamiento consistente son cruciales para obtener mejores resultados y reducir los riesgos de mortalidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psiquiatría y Neurociencia
- Psicología clínica
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El trastorno bipolar afecta a 8 millones de adultos estadounidenses y 40 millones en todo el mundo, caracterizado por episodios depresivos y maníacos / hipomaníacos recurrentes.
- El inicio generalmente ocurre entre los 15 y los 25 años, siendo la depresión la presentación inicial más frecuente, y los síntomas depresivos constituyen aproximadamente el 75% del tiempo sintomático.
- El diagnóstico tardío, con un promedio de 9 años después del episodio depresivo inicial, es común, lo que afecta significativamente el pronóstico.
Conclusiones:
- El trastorno bipolar se asocia con una esperanza de vida significativamente reducida (12-14 años) y un aumento de la mortalidad cardiovascular.
- La mayor prevalencia del síndrome metabólico, la obesidad, el tabaquismo y la diabetes tipo 2 contribuyen a la mortalidad prematura.
- Las tasas anuales de suicidio son sustancialmente elevadas (0,9% vs. 0,014%), con un 15-20% de las personas con trastorno bipolar que mueren por suicidio.
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