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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Stereoisomers02:32

Stereoisomers

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On the basis of mirror symmetry, stereoisomers of an organic molecule can be further classified into diastereomers and enantiomers. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. Substituted alkenes, such as the cis and trans isomers of 2-butene, are diastereomers, as these molecules exhibit different spatial orientations of their constituent atoms, are not mirror images of each other, and do not interconvert. Here, the interconversion is suppressed due to...
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¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

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Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
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Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
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Moléculas quirales para transmitir el espín de los electrones

Joseph E Subotnik1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 12, 2023
PubMed
Resumen

La transferencia de electrones en moléculas quirales muestra una preferencia de espín significativa. Este hallazgo es crucial para desarrollar dispositivos espintrónicos avanzados y comprender el magnetismo molecular.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química
  • La física
  • Ciencias de los materiales

Sus antecedentes:

  • La quiralidad influencia las propiedades moleculares.
  • La transferencia de electrones por espín selectivo es un fenómeno clave en la electrónica molecular.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la selectividad de espín de la transferencia de electrones a través de moléculas quirales.
  • Comprender los mecanismos fundamentales que rigen el transporte dependiente del espín en los sistemas quirales.

Principales métodos:

  • Se realizaron cálculos teóricos para modelar el transporte de electrones.
  • Se empleó la Teoría Funcional de Densidad (DFT) para analizar las corrientes polarizadas por espín.

Principales resultados:

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  • La transferencia de electrones a través de moléculas quirales exhibe una fuerte preferencia por una orientación específica de espín de electrones.
  • El grado de selectividad del espín depende de la estructura molecular y la naturaleza de los centros quirales.

    • Conclusiones:

    • Las moléculas quirales pueden actuar como filtros de espín eficientes.
    • Este efecto de filtro de espín abre nuevas vías para el diseño de componentes espintrónicos basados en quirales.