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Ciclos de auge y caída en ballenas grises asociados con condiciones árticas dinámicas y cambiantes

Joshua D Stewart¹, Trevor W Joyce^2,3, John W Durban^3,4

¹Ocean Ecology Lab, Marine Mammal Institute, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 12, 2023

Resumen

El cambio climático afecta a los ecosistemas del Ártico, afectando incluso a especies de larga vida como las ballenas grises. La reducción de las presas y el aumento de la cubierta de hielo provocan una disminución significativa de la población de ballenas grises, lo que pone de relieve su vulnerabilidad al calentamiento polar.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología
Ciencias del clima
Biología marina

Sus antecedentes:

Los ecosistemas polares están experimentando un rápido cambio climático.
La respuesta de las especies móviles de larga vida al calentamiento polar no se comprende bien.
Estas especies pueden adaptarse inicialmente a las perturbaciones ecológicas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la dinámica poblacional de una especie móvil asociada a los polos en respuesta al cambio climático.
Para determinar la sensibilidad de las especies de larga vida al calentamiento del Ártico.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de la dinámica de la población de ballenas grises.
Correlación de los cambios de población con la disponibilidad de presas en el Ártico y la cubierta de hielo marino.

Principales resultados:

La dinámica de la población de ballenas grises está estrechamente relacionada con la disponibilidad de presas en el Ártico y las zonas de alimentación.
Los principales eventos de mortalidad, que redujeron las poblaciones en un 15-25%, ocurrieron durante períodos de baja biomasa de presas y alta cobertura de hielo.
Estos hallazgos indican sensibilidad incluso en especies móviles de larga vida.

Conclusiones:

Las especies móviles y de larga vida como las ballenas grises son vulnerables al rápido calentamiento del Ártico.
Los cambios en la disponibilidad de presas y las condiciones del hielo marino afectan significativamente la dinámica de su población.
El estudio subraya los efectos en cascada del cambio climático en las regiones polares.

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