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Las narrativas históricas sobre la pandemia de COVID-19 están sesgadas en cuanto a la motivación
Philipp Sprengholz1,2,3, Luca Henkel4,5, Robert Böhm6,7,8
1Institute of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany. philipp.sprengholz@uni-bamberg.de.
Nature
|November 2, 2023
Resumen
La gente
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- Sociología
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El recuerdo de eventos pasados, como la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, influye en las futuras decisiones sociales.
- El recuerdo de la memoria puede ser distorsionado por las percepciones y motivaciones actuales, en lugar de eventos objetivos.
- Comprender estos sesgos es fundamental para una preparación y una política efectivas de pandemia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo las evaluaciones actuales influyen en el recuerdo de las experiencias de la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2.
- Examinar el papel de la identidad personal, en particular el estado de vacunación, en las distorsiones de la memoria.
- Evaluar el impacto de los incentivos y la información sobre la precisión de los retiros.
Principales métodos:
- Se llevaron a cabo 4 estudios en 11 países con 10.776 participantes.
- Recuerdo medido del riesgo percibido, la confianza institucional y los comportamientos protectores.
- Análisis de las distorsiones de los retiros en relación con las evaluaciones actuales y la identidad del grupo.
Principales resultados:
- El recuerdo de las experiencias pandémicas fue fuertemente sesgado por las percepciones y evaluaciones actuales.
- Los individuos que se identifican fuertemente con su estado de vacunación (vacunados o no vacunados) mostraron mayores distorsiones de recuerdo opuestas.
- Los incentivos reducen parcialmente el recuerdo sesgado, y los incentivos más altos son más efectivos que la información por sí sola.
Conclusiones:
- La memoria de la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 está sesgada motivadamente, influenciada por la identidad y las actitudes actuales.
- Estas narrativas históricas sesgadas contribuyen a la polarización social e impactan la preparación para futuras pandemias.
- Abordar el retiro parcial es esencial para mantener la cohesión social y la confianza en las instituciones.
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