Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jul 11, 2025
10:18
Amplification of Near Full-length HIV-1 Proviruses for Next-Generation Sequencing
Published on: October 16, 2018
12.2K
Modificación de la desaminasa APOBEC3 en el virus mpox como evidencia de transmisión humana sostenida desde al menos
Áine O'Toole1, Richard A Neher2, Nnaemeka Ndodo3
1Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 2, 2023
Resumen
El virus Mpox (MPXV) puede haber estado circulando en humanos desde 2016, no solo como una enfermedad zoonótica. La actividad de la enzima APOBEC3 sugiere una transmisión humana sostenida, cambiando la comprensión de la epidemiología de la mpox.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- Epidemiología
- La genómica
Sus antecedentes:
- Mpox (MPXV) tradicionalmente visto como una enfermedad zoonótica endémica en África.
- Se detectó la propagación internacional de mpox en mayo de 2022, más allá de las regiones endémicas conocidas.
- Los casos de mpox de 2022 mostraron una divergencia genética significativa con respecto a las muestras anteriores.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la historia evolutiva del brote de mpox del año 2022.
- Determinar el origen y la línea de tiempo de la transmisión sostenida de mpox en humanos.
- Reevaluar la epidemiología de la mpox y las estrategias de salud pública.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis filogenético de los genomas del virus mpox.
- Utilizó un reloj molecular filogenético de doble proceso.
- Las tasas de mutación inferidas atribuidas a las deaminasas APOBEC3.
Principales resultados:
- Los genomas de MPXV de 2022 exhibieron numerosas mutaciones características de la edición de APOBEC3.
- Se estima que el virus mpox (MPXV) ha circulado en humanos desde 2016.
- Identificó un patrón de transmisión humano sostenido, que difiere de un modelo puramente zoonótico.
Conclusiones:
- El virus Mpox (MPXV) puede haber sufrido una transmisión sostenida de persona a persona durante años.
- La edición de APOBEC3 proporciona evidencia de adaptación y circulación en humanos.
- Los hallazgos requieren una comprensión revisada de la epidemiología de la mpox y la respuesta de salud pública.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
00:36Viral Mutations
32.4K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.4K
02:23RNA Editing
9.0K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.0K
02:33Retroviruses
12.3K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.3K
02:32Exon Recombination
3.6K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.6K
01:05Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
15.2K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
15.2K