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La disminución reciente de la disponibilidad de agua en el hemisferio sur domina

Yongqiang Zhang¹, Congcong Li^2,3, Francis H S Chiew³

¹Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 2, 2023

Resumen

La disponibilidad global de agua está disminuyendo, principalmente en el hemisferio sur debido a patrones climáticos como el El Niño-Oscilación del Sur. Esta tendencia afecta a regiones como América del Sur, África y Australia.

Área de la Ciencia:

Hidrología
Ciencias del clima
Ciencias del medio ambiente

Sus antecedentes:

El agua terrestre global es crucial para las sociedades humanas y los ecosistemas.
En las últimas décadas se han producido cambios poco claros en la disponibilidad mundial de agua.
Comprender estos cambios es vital para la gestión de los recursos y la adaptación al clima.

Objetivo del estudio:

Cuantificar los cambios globales en la disponibilidad de agua terrestre en las últimas dos décadas (2001-2020).
Identificar las regiones dominantes y los impulsores de estos cambios.
Evaluar el papel de los modos climáticos en las tendencias de disponibilidad de agua.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó un conjunto de datos de observación.
Tendencias analizadas en la disponibilidad de agua terrestre desde 2001 hasta 2020.
Investigó la influencia de los modos climáticos, específicamente la Oscilación del Sur de El Niño.

Principales resultados:

El hemisferio sur muestra una tendencia a la disminución significativa de la disponibilidad de agua entre 2001 y 2020.
Las principales áreas de disminución incluyen América del Sur, el suroeste de África y el noroeste de Australia.
El hemisferio norte presenta variaciones regionales que se anulan en gran medida, lo que resulta en una tendencia insignificante.
Los patrones de precipitación vinculados a los modos climáticos, especialmente ENSO, impulsan la variabilidad y las tendencias del agua en el hemisferio sur.

Conclusiones:

El hemisferio sur juega un papel dominante en la reciente disminución de la disponibilidad mundial de agua.
Los modos climáticos, en particular ENSO, son los principales impulsores de los cambios en la disponibilidad de agua.
Los hallazgos subrayan la interconexión entre la variabilidad climática y los recursos hídricos terrestres.

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