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Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
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Intervenciones de detección y prevención para la salud bucal en adultos: Declaración de recomendación del grupo de
, Michael J Barry1, Wanda K Nicholson2
1Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA
|November 7, 2023
Resumen
La evidencia es insuficiente para determinar los beneficios y los daños del cribado de atención primaria y las intervenciones preventivas para afecciones orales comunes como caries y enfermedades de las encías en adultos. Se necesita más investigación para guiar la práctica clínica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de prevención de la enfermedad
- Salud dental pública
- Cuidados primarios
Sus antecedentes:
- La salud bucal es crucial para el bienestar general, afectando las funciones diarias y el empleo.
- Las afecciones orales comunes como la caries dental y la enfermedad periodontal a menudo no se tratan, lo que lleva a consecuencias graves.
- Los problemas orales no tratados pueden resultar en pérdida de dientes y problemas de salud sistémicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente las intervenciones de detección y prevención de enfermedades bucales en adultos.
- Evaluar la base de pruebas para los médicos de atención primaria que prestan servicios de salud bucal.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática encargada por el Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos (USPSTF).
- Centrado en adultos asintomáticos de 18 años o más.
- Intervenciones evaluadas para la caries dental y la enfermedad periodontal.
Principales resultados:
- No existen pruebas suficientes para evaluar los beneficios y los daños de la detección de enfermedades bucales por parte de los médicos de atención primaria.
- La evidencia insuficiente impide la evaluación de los beneficios y daños de las intervenciones preventivas para las afecciones de salud bucal por parte de los médicos de atención primaria.
- El USPSTF emitió una declaración "I" tanto para el cribado como para las intervenciones preventivas.
Conclusiones:
- La evidencia actual es inadecuada para apoyar o refutar el uso de exámenes de detección de atención primaria para enfermedades bucales en adultos.
- La evidencia es insuficiente para determinar la eficacia y seguridad de las intervenciones preventivas de salud bucal realizadas en entornos de atención primaria.
- Se requiere más investigación para establecer directrices para el cribado y la prevención de la salud bucal en la atención primaria.
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