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Muerte cardíaca súbita en atletas de la Asociación Atlética Universitaria Nacional: un estudio de 20 años
Bradley J Petek1,2,3, Timothy W Churchill2,3, Nathaniel Moulson4
1Sports Cardiology Program, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (B.J.P.).
Circulation
|November 13, 2023
Resumen
La incidencia de muerte súbita cardíaca (SCD) en atletas universitarios ha disminuido. Se observa un mayor riesgo de ECS en atletas masculinos, negros y de baloncesto, siendo comunes los eventos de esfuerzo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología
- Medicina del deporte
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La muerte súbita cardíaca (SCD) en jóvenes atletas competitivos es una preocupación fundamental para el desarrollo de políticas.
- Comprender la incidencia y las causas de la SCD es esencial para las estrategias de prevención.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar la incidencia, causas y tendencias de SCD en atletas de la Asociación Atlética Colegial Nacional (NCAA) durante un período de 20 años.
- Identificar los factores de riesgo demográficos y específicos del deporte asociados con la ECS en los atletas universitarios.
Principales métodos:
- Revisó las muertes de atletas de la NCAA desde el 1 de julio de 2002 hasta el 30 de junio de 2022, utilizando cuatro bases de datos independientes.
- El panel de expertos juzgó las causas de la SCD a través de informes de autopsia y revisión de la historia médica.
- Las tasas de incidencia calculadas de las ETS estratificadas por sexo, raza y deporte.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron 143 casos de ECS entre el total de 1102 muertes de atletas de la NCAA.
- La incidencia general de SCD fue de 1: 63,682 atletas-año, con tasas más altas en hombres y atletas negros.
- La incidencia de ECS disminuyó durante el período de estudio, pero se mantuvo más alta en los jugadores de baloncesto masculinos.
- La muerte súbita inexplicable y las cardiomiopatías fueron hallazgos comunes; la ECS por esfuerzo ocurrió en el 50% de los casos.
Conclusiones:
- La incidencia de SCD entre los atletas de la NCAA ha disminuido significativamente en las últimas dos décadas.
- El sexo masculino, la raza negra y la participación en el baloncesto están asociados con un mayor riesgo de ECS.
- El seguimiento continuo y las estrategias de prevención específicas son cruciales para reducir la ECS en los atletas jóvenes.
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