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Cáncer de pulmón y contaminación del aire interior en Xuan Wei, China
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 9, 1987
Resumen
Las altas tasas de cáncer de pulmón en Xuan Wei, China, están relacionadas con la quema de carbón "ahumado" en interiores. Este combustible libera partículas mutagénicas, a diferencia de la madera o el carbón "sin humo", lo que sugiere una causa directa de cáncer de pulmón, especialmente en las mujeres.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Toxicología Toxicología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El condado de Xuan Wei, provincia de Yunnan, exhibe tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón excepcionalmente altas.
- El riesgo de cáncer de pulmón, especialmente en las mujeres, está más fuertemente asociado con la combustión de carbón "ahumado" en interiores que con el tabaquismo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la asociación entre la contaminación del aire interior por la quema de combustible doméstico y el cáncer de pulmón en Xuan Wei.
- Identificar contaminantes específicos de diferentes tipos de combustible que pueden contribuir al cáncer de pulmón.
Principales métodos:
- Recopilación y análisis de muestras de aire interior durante la combustión de carbón "ahumado", madera y carbón "sin humo".
- Caracterización de partículas y compuestos orgánicos en las emisiones.
Principales resultados:
- Las emisiones de carbón "fumado" contenían altas concentraciones de partículas submicrónicas.
- Estas partículas eran ricas en compuestos orgánicos mutagénicos, particularmente en fracciones aromáticas y polares.
- Las emisiones de madera y carbón "sin humo" mostraron niveles significativamente más bajos de estos componentes dañinos.
Conclusiones:
- La quema doméstica de carbón "ahumado" es un factor etiológico significativo para el cáncer de pulmón en Xuan Wei.
- Los compuestos orgánicos mutagénicos dentro de las partículas submicrónicas de las emisiones de carbón "ahumado" son probablemente responsables del vínculo observado con el cáncer de pulmón.
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