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Reconocimiento y maduración de la IL-18 por el inflamatorio no canónico caspase-4
Xuyan Shi1, Qichao Sun2,3, Yanjie Hou2
1National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China.
Nature
|November 22, 2023
Resumen
La caspasa-4 humana, a diferencia de la caspasa-11 del ratón, procesa la IL-18, una citocina clave. Este hallazgo aclara la función no canónica del inflamatorio y la IL-18.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Biología molecular
- Biología estructural
Sus antecedentes:
- Los inflamatorios canónicos (caspase-1) y no canónicos (caspase-4/5/11) cortan la gasdermina D (GSDMD) para inducir la piroptosis.
- Caspase-1 procesa IL-1β e IL-18, pero los objetivos de la caspase-4/5/11 activados por lipopolisacáridos siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.
- La comprensión de los objetivos inflamatorios no canónicos es crucial para la investigación de la inmunidad y las enfermedades.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar si la caspasa-4/5/11 activada por lipopolisacáridos puede procesar la IL-18.
- Elucidar el mecanismo molecular de la interacción de la caspasa-4/5/11 con el pro-IL-18.
- Investigar la base estructural de las diferencias específicas de las especies en el procesamiento de IL-18.
Principales métodos:
- Ensayos enzimáticos in vitro con caspasa humana recombinante y caspasa de ratón.
- Determinación de la estructura cristalina del complejo caspase-4-pro-IL-18.
- Modelos de infección bacteriana para evaluar el procesamiento de IL-18 in vivo.
Principales resultados:
- La caspasa-4 humana, pero no la caspasa-11 del ratón, procesa eficientemente la pro-IL-18 in vitro y durante la infección bacteriana.
- La estructura cristalina revela un mecanismo de reconocimiento de sustrato binario que involucra interacciones catalíticas y exóticas para pro-IL-18.
- Caspase-4, -5, y -1 utilizan un reconocimiento binario similar para pro-IL-18, mientras que la desviación exosita de caspase-11 impide la unión.
- La escisión por caspasa-1, -4, o -5 induce cambios conformacionales en IL-18, generando sitios de unión al receptor.
Conclusiones:
- La IL-18 se ha identificado como un objetivo directo de la caspasa-4/5 humana activada por lipopolisacáridos.
- El estudio revela un cambio de paradigma en la comprensión de los mecanismos de defensa no canónicos mediados por inflamatorios.
- Los hallazgos mejoran la comprensión del papel de la IL-18 en la inmunidad y la patogénesis de la enfermedad.
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