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Manejo de la obesidad en adultos: una revisión
Arielle Elmaleh-Sachs1,2,3, Jessica L Schwartz4, Carolyn T Bramante5
1Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovation, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
JAMA
|November 28, 2023
Resumen
La obesidad afecta al 42% de los adultos estadounidenses, aumentando los riesgos de diabetes y enfermedades cardíacas. Los tratamientos efectivos incluyen cambios en el estilo de vida, medicamentos y cirugía, con una pérdida de peso que oscila entre el 5% y el 30%.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La obesidad y la salud metabólica
Sus antecedentes:
- La obesidad afecta al 42% de los adultos estadounidenses, vinculada a la diabetes tipo 2, la hipertensión, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y otros problemas de salud graves.
- El índice de masa corporal (IMC) ≥25 define el sobrepeso y ≥30 define la obesidad, aunque el IMC por sí solo no determina el riesgo individual. Los umbrales más bajos se aplican a las poblaciones asiáticas.
- Las personas con obesidad enfrentan tasas más altas de eventos cardiovasculares en comparación con las personas con IMC normal.
Conclusiones:
- Mantener la pérdida de peso a largo plazo es un desafío; las pautas clínicas apoyan el uso de medicamentos antiobesidad a largo plazo cuando las intervenciones en el estilo de vida son insuficientes.
- El tratamiento integral de la obesidad requiere una combinación de estrategias de comportamiento, ajustes nutricionales, actividad física y farmacoterapia o intervenciones quirúrgicas.
- Los enfoques adaptados y basados en la evidencia son cruciales para el manejo eficaz de la obesidad y la mejora de los resultados de los pacientes.
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